1. Perspectives of Personality psychology

2. Psychoanalytic Freud Focused on: - Unconscious –Childhood experiences –Internal forces (id, ego, superego) Psychosexual stages (OAPLG) –Oedipus & Electra complex Dreams are royal road to unconscious Defense mechanisms to deal w/ anxiety Tools: Free association, projective tests TAT & Rorchach, dream analysis

3. Psychoanalytic Tools: Free association, projective tests TAT & Rorchach, dream analysis

4. Neo- Freudian 1.Alfred Adler ( need to conquer feelings of inferiority - inferiority complex) 2.Karen Horney (believed Freud’s theory was sexist) 3.Carl Jung (collective unconscious) All believed in Freud’s basic ideas, BUT emphasized more of our conscious experiences and environment Doubted sex & aggression consumed our motivation

5. Humanistic Emphasis on human potential, positive view of humans Abraham Maslow (self-actualization) Carl Rogers (focused on growth and fulfillment of individuals) Genuine, Acceptance, Empathy Person/client centered Unconditional Positive Regard Self-Concept our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in an answer to the question, “Who am I?”

6. Social - cognitive/learning views behavior as influenced by the interaction between personality and their environment Albert Bandura Reciprocal Determinism - the interacting influences between personality and environmental factors Personal Control - sense of control over environment –External vs. Internal Locus of Control –Learned Helplessness Positive Psychology - M. Seligman  scientific study of optimal human functioning

7. Trait a characteristic pattern of behavior assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports Factor analysis ( identify dimensions of personality) Gordon Allport (traits) William Sheldon (body shape) Hans and Sybil Eysenck (axes of characteristics) The “Big Five” Personality Factors Tools: MMPI (most widely used personality test) & Myers- Briggs - personality test