1. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 10 Personality This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images Any rental, lease or lending of the program. ISBN: 0-131-73180-7

2. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Personality Personality – Psychological qualities that bring continuity to an individual’s behavior in different situations and at different times

3. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Psychodynamic Theories Psychoanalysis– Freud’s system of treatment for mental disorders Psychoanalytic theory – Freud’s theory of personality

4. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Unconscious – Psychic domain of which the individual is not aware, but which is the storehouse of repressed impulses, drives, and conflicts that are unavailable to consciousness

5. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Freud’s Model of the Mind

6. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Id Superego Ego Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Personality structure

7. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Id Superego Ego Primitive, unconscious portion of personality, houses most basic drives and stores repressed memories Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Personality structure

8. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Id Superego Ego Mind’s storehouse of values, moral attitudes learned from parents and society, same as common notion of conscience Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Personality structure

9. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Id Superego Ego Conscious, rational part of personality, charged with keeping peace between superego and id Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Personality structure

10. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Drives and instincts Eros Libido Thanatos

11. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Drives and instincts Eros Libido Thanatos Drives people toward acts that are sexual, life-giving, and creative

12. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Drives and instincts Eros Libido Thanatos Drives people to experience sensual pleasure

13. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Drives and instincts Eros Libido Thanatos Drives people toward aggressive and destructive behaviors

14. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Ego defense mechanisms – Largely unconscious mental strategies employed to reduce the experience of conflict or anxiety Repression Projection

15. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Projective tests – Personality assessment instruments based on Freud’s concept of projection Rorschach inkblot technique Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

16. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Thematic Apperception Test

17. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Carl Jung: Extending the Unconscious Personal unconscious – Portion of the unconscious corresponding roughly to Freud’s id Collective unconscious – Jung’s addition to the unconscious, involving a reservoir for instinctive “memories” including the archetypes, which exist in all people

18. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Carl Jung: Extending the Unconscious Introversion – The Jungian dimension that focuses on inner experience–one’s own thoughts and feelings, making the introvert less outgoing and sociable than the extrovert Extraversion – The Jungian personality dimension involving turning one’s attention outward, toward others

19. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Carl Jung: Extending the Unconscious Jung’s principle of opposites portrays each personality as a balance between opposing pairs of unconscious tendencies, such as introversion and extroversion

20. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Karen Horney: A Feminist Voice in Psychodynamic Psychology Basic anxiety – An emotion that gives a sense of uncertainty and loneliness on a hostile world and can lead to maladjustment Neurotic needs – Signs of neurosis in Horney’s theory, these ten needs are normal desires carried to a neurotic extreme

21. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Alfred Adler: An early split from Psychoanalysis Inferiority complex – A feeling of inferiority that is largely unconscious, with it roots in childhood

22. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Humanistic Theories Humanistic Theories include Abraham Maslow’s self-actualizing personality Carl Roger’s fully functioning person

23. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Abraham Maslow and the Healthy Personality Self-actualizing personalities – Healthy individuals who have met their basic needs and are free to be creative and fulfill their potentials

24. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Carl Rogers’s Fully Functioning Person Fully functioning person – Term for a healthy, self-actualizing individual, who has a self-concept that is both positive and congruent with reality

25. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Carl Rogers’s Fully Functioning Person Phenomenal field – Our psychological reality, composed of one’s perceptions and feelings Unconditional positive regard – Love or caring without conditions attached

26. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Evaluating Humanistic Theories Positive psychology – Movement within psychology focusing on the desirable aspects of human functioning, as opposed to an emphasis on psychopathology

27. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 What Persistent Patterns are Found in Personality? Another approach describes personality in terms of stable patterns known as temperaments, traits, and types

28. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Personality and Temperament Temperament – Basic, pervasive personality dispositions that are apparent in early childhood and establish the tempo and mood of an individual’s behaviors

29. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Patterns in Personality The “Big Five” traits 1.Openness to experience 2.Conscientiousness 3.Extraversion 4.Agreeableness 5.Neuroticism Cattell identifies 16 personality factors

30. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Patterns in Personality Type – Especially important dimensions or clusters of traits that are not only central to a person’s personality but are found with essentially the same pattern in many people

31. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Assessing Traits NEO-PI (Big Five Inventory) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) Reliability and validity are important attributes of good psychological tests

32. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 End of Chapter 10