Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons Simplest organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen

Alkanes

Alkanes A hydrocarbon in which there are only single covalent bonds. All C - C bonds are single covalent bondsAll C - C bonds are single covalent bonds All other bonds are C – H bondsAll other bonds are C – H bonds

AlkanesName Molecular Formula Structural Formula Methane CH 4 Ethane C2H6C2H6C2H6C2H6 CH 3 CH 3 Propane C3H8C3H8C3H8C3H8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 Butane C 4 H 10 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Pentane C 5 H 12 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Octane C 8 H 18 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Nonane C 9 H 20 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Decane C 10 H 22 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3

FunctionalGroups

Functional Groups A functional group is a specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions.

Functional Groups The symbol R represents any carbon chains or rings attached to the functional group.

Halocarbon Compound Structure R X ( X = F, Cl, Br, or I) Functional Group Halogen Freon

Alcohol Compound Structure R OH Functional Group Hydroxyl Ethyl Alcohol

Ether Compound Structure R O R’ Functional Group Ether Ethyl Ether

Aldehyde Compound Structure O R C H Functional Group Carbonyl

Ketone Compound Structure O R C R Functional Group Carbonyl Methyl Isobutyl Ketone

Carboxylic Acid Compound Structure O R C OH Functional Group Carboxyl

Ester Compound Structure O R C O R Functional Group Ester

Amine Compound Structure R NH2 Functional Group Amino

Amide Compound Structure O H O H R C N R Functional Group Amide