13.2 & 13.3. Current Definition: Flow of electric charge How many electrons pass a given point each second Water Analogy: Rate at which water flows Units:

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Presentation transcript:

13.2 & 13.3

Current Definition: Flow of electric charge How many electrons pass a given point each second Water Analogy: Rate at which water flows Units: Amps (A) Symbol in Equation: I

Voltage Definition: Measure of electric potential energy (force or push) Water Analogy: Water pressure Tilt of water pipe Units: Volts (V) Symbol in Equation: V

Resistance Definition: Opposition to the flow of charge The greater the resistance the less current will flow Water Analogy: Rocks in a stream Nozzle size of water bottle Units: Ohms (Ω) Symbol in Equation: R

Batteries Use chemical energy to create a voltage difference, to store electrical energy Batteries are similar to water towers Regular batteries can be 1.5 V

Ohm’s Law Relationship between current, voltage, and resistance V = I x R Voltage = Current x Resistance

Calculate the current in a toaster that has a heating element of 14 ohms when connected to a 120 volt outlet R = 14Ω V = 120V I = ? V = IR 120 = I ( 14) I = 8.57A

What is the resistance of a heat coil on an electric stove if it pulls 4 amps of current when plugged intro a 240 volt outlet? I = 4A V = 240V R = ? V = IR 240 = 4(R) R = 60Ω

Conductor & Insulator Conductor Conduct electricity easily (e - free to move) Low resistance Most metals Insulator Block the flow of current (e - bound tightly to atom) High resistance Rubber, glass, wood, plastic

Semiconductor & Resistor Semiconductor In-between a conductor and an insulator Silicon Resistor Used to control current Used in televisions, computers and radios