Properties of Matter

Matter Matter – anything that has mass and volume Pretty much everything!

How Can We Describe Matter? Properties – the characteristics of a substance What are the properties of matter? Mass, volume Color, size, shape, etc.

What’s the Matter? Matter is grouped into three phases Solids Liquids Gases

Solids Particles are close together and can vibrate but cannot move apart because of their strong attractions for each other Have a definite shape and volume

Liquids Particles are farther apart and can slide past each other Have a definite volume, but no definite shape; they take the shape of the container they are in

Gases Particles are even farther apart and are free to move anywhere in a container Have no definite volume or shape

Let’s Compare Particles in Matter

Your Task Make a tri-fold brochure comparing solids, liquids and gases. It must include: Definitions Drawings of the particle arrangements Examples – at least two!

Phase Changes

How Phases Change Solid to Liquid Solid to Liquid Melting – the change of a substance from a solid to a liquid when heat is added Melting – the change of a substance from a solid to a liquid when heat is added Liquid to Solid Liquid to Solid Freezing – the change of a substance from a liquid to a solid when heat is removed Freezing – the change of a substance from a liquid to a solid when heat is removed

How Phases Change Liquid to Gas Liquid to Gas Vaporization – the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas when heat is added Vaporization – the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas when heat is added Gas to Liquid Gas to Liquid Condensation – the change of a substance from a gas to a liquid when heat is removed Condensation – the change of a substance from a gas to a liquid when heat is removed

3 Minute Chat Discuss the following, explaining your answers: Discuss the following, explaining your answers: What are pure substances? What are pure substances? What are mixtures? What are mixtures? How are they alike? How are they alike? How are they different? How are they different?

Elements Element – pure substance that cannot be separated by physical or chemical means - atoms Element – pure substance that cannot be separated by physical or chemical means - atoms Any one element on the periodic table! Any one element on the periodic table! Ex. Ex.

Compounds Compound – substance made of two or more elements that are joined by chemical bonds - molecules Compound – substance made of two or more elements that are joined by chemical bonds - molecules Can only be separated by chemical means, not physical Can only be separated by chemical means, not physical H 2 O H 2 O NaCl NaCl Two or more elements Two or more elements

Mixtures Mixture – a combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined Mixture – a combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined Can physically separate Can physically separate

Stuff Lab Is the “stuff” an element, a compound, or a mixture? Is the “stuff” an element, a compound, or a mixture? If stuff is a mixture, how can you separate the components? If stuff is a mixture, how can you separate the components? Physical methods Physical methods

How to Fold Filter Paper

Homogeneous Mixtures Two or more substances spread out evenly without settling - the same throughout Two or more substances spread out evenly without settling - the same throughout Appears clear Appears clear Also called solutions Also called solutions Iced tea Iced tea Salt water Salt water

Heterogeneous Mixtures A mixture in which different parts are easily distinguished A mixture in which different parts are easily distinguished Sandwichpencil (lead, wood, eraser) Sandwichpencil (lead, wood, eraser)

Heterogeneous Mixtures Colloid – heterogeneous mixture that never settles Colloid – heterogeneous mixture that never settles Milk Milk Can tell by Tyndall Effect Can tell by Tyndall Effect Scattering of light by the particles Scattering of light by the particles in the mixture

Heterogeneous Mixtures Suspensions – contain a liquid with visible particles that settle out when it stands – also have Tyndall Effect Suspensions – contain a liquid with visible particles that settle out when it stands – also have Tyndall Effect Orange juice Orange juice Different from a colloid or Different from a colloid or solution because particles will settle out

Whiteboard Check What type of mixture (homogeneous or heterogeneous) is each of the following: What type of mixture (homogeneous or heterogeneous) is each of the following: Chocolate chip cookie Chocolate chip cookie Coffee Coffee Apple juice Apple juice Lucky Charms® cereal Lucky Charms® cereal Trail mix Trail mix