1. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, and MIXTURES

2. SUBSTANCE Matter of definite composition
Only one type of particle makes it up
Ex. Copper wire
Ex. water molecule O H Cu Cu Cu

3. ELEMENTS Made up of ONE atom In simplest form
Each have their own set of properties
Boiling point, melting point, density, color
Grouped by their properties
Periodic Chart has 119 examples
In simplest form
Cannot be broken down into smaller substances under normal lab conditions Cu

4. COMPOUNDS Made up of two or more elements
Chemically “joined” or combined
Elements combine in a DEFINITE RATIO (Not random) O H

5. COMPOUNDS Each compound has a unique set of properties
Physical Properties
Boiling point, melting point, density, color
Chemical Properties
Does it react to light, acid/base, is it flammable?
Properties are different than the elements that make them up
Ex. Table salt (NaCl – sodium chloride)

6. MIXTURES Matter of indefinite composition
NOT Chemically joined together
Does not always have same amounts (ratios) of the different substances that make them up
Each substance retains its own identity

7. TYPES OF MIXTURES Heterogeneous mixtures Homogeneous mixtures
Suspension
Colloids
Homogeneous mixtures
Solution

8. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
Different materials can easily be distinguished
Ex. A Pizza

9. SUSPENSION
Made up of particles that are dispersed through out a liquid or gas
Particles are so large that they SETTLE
Solids are insoluble
Ex. OJ, Muddy water, Italian salad dressing

10. COLLOID Particles are dispersed throughout Particles never settle
Particles are small or not heavy enough
Ex. Milk, gelatin (Jello), marshmallow, fog
Tyndall Effect
Light is scattered by particles
A means to distinguish between colloid and solution

11. SOLUTIONS Particles are uniformly spread out
Cannot tell there is more than one substance
Homogeneous mixtures!
Ex. Hawaiian Punch, alloys
Solute
Substance being dissolved
Solvent
Substance IN WHICH the solute is dissolved

12. CONCENTRATION of SOLUTIONS
Ratio of amount of solute in a solvent
g/mL
Concentrated
a lot of solute in a certain amount of solvent
Dilute
A little solute in a certain amount of solvent