Ch 7.2: Cell Organelles Biology I Wilson

Objectives Identify the different organelles inside cells Describe the structure and function of organelles Distinguish between plant and animals cells

Eukaryotic Cells Animal Cells Plant Cells Protist Fungi

Animal Cell Organelles Nucleus Ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Mitochondria Centrioles

Plant Cell Organelles Nucleus Ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Mitochondria Vacuoles/Central Vacuole Chloroplasts

Nucleus Type of Cells: Eukaryote Pronunciation: Nu-Klee-us Plants Animals Fungi Protists Pronunciation: Nu-Klee-us

Nucleus: Organelle Function Contains DNA, the information that controls the cell Controls Cell Processes The Boss of a company

Nucleus: Organelle Function Made up of Nuclear Envelope: surrounds nucleus Nuclear Pore: openings in envelope Chromatin: DNA bound to proteins Nucleolus: Assembly of Ribosomes

Nucleus Drawing

Ribosome Type of Cells: Prokaryote and Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Ry-bo-zoem

Ribosome: Organelle Function Small particles of RNA and Proteins Found: Free within the cytoplasm Attached to Rough ER Protein Synthesis -Produce (make) proteins Making of the item to be shipped

Ribosome Drawing

Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth) Type of Cell: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: En-doh-PLAZ-mik-rih-TIK-yuh-lum

Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth): Organelle Function Folding layers of membranes Packaging Center for Transports materials (proteins or other items) Where lipid bilayers are added to the materials that need to be transported Detoxification of drugs Liver contains a large sum of Smooth ER

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Drawing

Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough) Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi Pronunciation: En-doh-PLAZ-mik-rih-TIK-yuh-lum

Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough): Organelle Function Folding layers of membranes E.R. with attached Ribosomes Same functions as Smooth E.R. adding a lipid bilayer In addition has ribosomes attached making proteins Packages the proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough): Organelle Function Like putting the item to be shipped in a box (box is the packaging) Sends packaged proteins to other parts of the cell (conveyer belt) Found Right Next to the Nucleus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Drawing

Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body) Type of Cell: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Goal-gee App-ah-rat-us

Golgi Apparatus: Organelle Function Also called Golgi Body Takes in the proteins that were packaged by the ER Finalizes the packaging of the vesicle (like adding tape to seal the box) Modifies and sorts the proteins (puts package in trucks to be shipped)

Lysosome Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: LY-suh-sohmz

Lysosome: Organelle Function Small round membrane surrounded organelles filled with enzymes Found anywhere in the cytoplasm Digests or breaks down macromolecules so they can be used by the rest of the cell Eat worn out organelles Remove “junk” Cleanup Crew

Lysosome Drawing Sometimes they are called suicide bags because they encase the worn out part that is to be digested. Tay-Sachs disease can be traced if lysosomes don’t function properly

Mitochondria Type of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Myt-oh-KAHN-dree-uh

Mitochondria: Organelle Function Enclosed by two membranes Outer membrane Inner membrane is folded up inside the organelle Power House of the Cell (makes ATP)

Mitochondria: Organelle Function Convert chemical energy to useful compounds (converts food) Glucose + O2  H2O + CO2 + Energy (ATP) Source of Energy (Power Company) Inherited from the cytoplasm of the ovum (egg)…Your Mom Mitochondria Movie

Cell Membrane Type Cells: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Cell Membrane Bilipid layer (2 layers of phospholipids) Also has proteins, cholesterol, carbohydrates Regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell Analogy – Fence and/or gate

Cytoskeleton: Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Site-oh-skell-iton

Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments Threadlike Tough, flexible framework that supports cell Helps cells move

Cytoskeleton: Microtubules Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Mik-roe-toob-you-els

Cytoskeleton: Microtubules Hollow Maintains cell’s shape (foundation and framework)

Microtubule Drawing

Cytoskeleton Types of Cells: Eukaryotes – Animal Cells Only Pronunciation: Scent-tree-ohls

Cytoskeleton: Centrioles Hollow Support structure Used in cell division

Central Vacuole Types of cells: Eukaroytes – Plants and some Protists Pronunciation: VAK-yoo-ohlz

Animal Cells Animal Cells

Central Vacuole: Organelle Function Saclike structure Stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates Cells Storage Facility

Other Vacuoles Found in Eukaryotes Storage Units Pumps water out of cell to maintain homeostasis

Chloroplast Types of cells: Eukaryotes – Plants and Protists Pronunciation: Klohr-oh-plast

Chloroplast: Organelle Function Captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy Solar Powers the Plant Drives Photosynthesis Reaction is Catalyzed by Light

Cell Wall Type of Cell Eukaryotes – Plants and Protists Prokaryotes

Cell Wall Made of cellulose (carbohydrate - starch) Provides protection Prevents cell from exploding when filled with water

Plant Cells Plant Cells