Chapter 2 Notes Properties of Matter 2.2 lbs = 1 kg 1 kg = 9.8 N

Density Video (buoyancy) Sek&p=5CC7DFCA0FBD2D4B&playnext= 1&index=12

I. General Properties of Matter *Matter: anything that has mass and volume -General properties of matter include mass, weight, volume, and density.

A. Mass *amount of matter in an object(constant) *measure of the inertia of an object. *Inertia: resistance to change in motion.

B. Weight *response of mass to the pull of gravity(not constant) *Gravity: force of attraction between objects. -Metric unit of weight is the Newton(N). Ex:

C. Volume *amount of space an object takes up.

D. Density -Ex: p48 -Density of water is 1g/ml. *Specific gravity: ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water.

II. Phases of Matter *Physical properties: can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Ex’s: -Four phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. p

A. Solid -definite shape and definite volume. *Crystal: particles arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. *Crystalline solids: made up of crystals. *Amorphous solids: lose their shape under certain conditions.

B. Liquids -take the shape of their container. -No definite shape, but definite volume. *Viscosity: resistance of liquid to flow.

C. Gases pp88 -no definite shape, or definite volume. *Boyle’s Law: vol decreases, pressure increases. -P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 -varies inversely -graph ex:

*Charles’s Law: temp increases, vol increases. - T 1 V 2 = T 2 V 1 -varies directly -graph ex:

Boyle’s and Charles Law: Examples

D. Plasma -Stars have matter in the plasma phase. -very high in energy.

III. Phase Change -Phase change by adding or taking away nrg. -Phase changes in matter: 1. melting 2. freezing 3. vaporization 4. condensation 5. Sublimation 6. Deposition *Physical Change: change in phase ex: pp74-77

A. solid - liquid *Melting: *Melting point: *Freezing: *Freezing point:

B. liquid - gas *Vaporization: liquid to a gas *Evaporation: *Boiling: *Boiling Point: *Condensation: gas to liquids

C. solid - gas *Sublimation: solid to gas ex: dry ice *Deposition: gas to solid ex: frost

D. heat, temp, and phase chng -Phase changes are accompanied by increases in heat nrg but not by increases in temp. - Figure 13 p77

IV. Chemical Properties and Changes *Chemical properties: substance changes into other new substances. 1. Flammability 2. Ability to support burning

-Chem property describes a substance’s ability to change into a diff subst. -Chem chng : process by which the substance chngs. *Chem Rxn: chem. Chng -produces new subst with new and diff phys and chem. properties.