Ch. 2, Sect. 4—Exploring North America Main Idea Rivalries between countries, the search for a Northwest Passage to Asia, and early trading activities led to increased exploration of North America. Vocabulary Mercantilism Columbian Exchange Northwest Passage Coureur de bois

A Divided Church __________ brought about changes in Europe in the 1500’s. Opposed Catholicism and had many followers. Declared only the ______ was the true guide for Christians. Rejected many church practices because they were not mentioned in the Bible. They broke away and began their own __________ churches. His protests were the start of the religious movement known as the __________________. Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther.

Protestantism Spreads in Europe French religious thinker, ___________, also broke away from the Catholic Church. Rejected the idea that good deeds would ensure a person’s salvation. He believed God had already chosen those who would be _______. King Henry VIII, also left Catholic Church, for ________ reasons. Pope Clement VII would not declare Henry’s first marriage invalid. 1534—English Parliament denied authority of the Pope and recognized the king as the head of the Church of ________. When Europeans settled in the Americas, they brought with them their religious beliefs of either __________ or __________. John Calvin

Economic Rivalry Religion was only one factor in crossing the Atlantic. Promise of great wealth was equally strong. Europeans watched ______ get riches from its colonies. Colonies provided resources and a market to sell ________ products. Economic theory of __________ evolved. Mercantilism--________________________________. Rulers tried to increase their nation’s wealth by acquiring gold and silver and developing ______. Rivalries between _______ started to emerge to see who could produce the most wealth by acquiring colonies that could provide valuable resources or raw materials. Led to the “Columbian Exchange”.

Columbian Exchange Columbus’s voyages marked the beginning. ____________ was a two-way exchange between the Americas (__________) and Europe, Asia, or Africa (__________). Exchange included 3 main things: Plants Animals Diseases New World to Old World: crops, food, disease Old World to New World: colonists, animals, plants, disease, ________ people.

Northwest Passage Treaty of Tordesillas divided Americas between Spain and ________. Did not allow claims by other nations, so England, France, and the Netherlands ignored the treaty. The 3 countries hoped to find a route through ____________ to get to Asia. This became known as the _______________. Going around Africa or South America was too long and difficult.

Northwest Passage Explorers 1497—England sent __________. He landed on the coast of Newfoundland. England used his voyage as the basis for their claims on North America. 1524—France hired Giovanni da Verrazano to look for a northern sea route. Explored coast of North America, from Nova Scotia to the __________. John Cabot Giovanni da Verrazano

Northwest Passage Explorers 1535—French explorer, _______________ sailed up the St. Lawrence River, thinking it would lead to the Pacific. Instead, he saw a large mountain close to a village and named it Mont-Royal (________). Henry Hudson sailed for the _____________ in 1609. Came across a river, known today as Hudson River. 1 year later, sent by England and discovered a huge bay, known as ___________. Jacques Cartier Henry Hudson

French Trading Posts and Dutch Settlements French viewed North America as opportunity to profit from ______ and ______ trading. Group of French traders made agreement with Native Americans to trade fur. 1608—they sent Samuel de Champlain to establish a settlement in ______. He described the beautiful scenery, abundant wildlife, and Native Americans he met there. French soon moved into other parts of ________. Built trading posts to collect furs gathered by Native Americans and French trappers. Trappers were called _____________--meaning “runners of the woods”.

Dutch Settlements Netherlands eager to claim share of world trade. ________ voyage became basis for Dutch claims on the continent. 1621—Dutch West India Company set up trading colony, called ____________. 1624—the company sent ____ families to settle in the area. Settled along the Hudson River. Center of the new colony was _______________, where the Hudson River enters New York Harbor. New Amsterdam later became ______________. Now the Netherlands started colonies in the Americas.