1. EUROPEAN COMPETITION IN NORTH AMERICA BELL RINGER: 1. WHAT WERE THE ENGLISH, FRENCH, AND DUTCH SEARCHING FOR IN THEIR EARLY VOYAGES OF EXPLORATION? 2. HOW DID ENGLAND DEFEAT THE SPANISH ARMADA? Chapter 2, Section 2

2. Key Terms  Henry Hudson – Englishman who sailed for the Dutch; he set sail from Europe hoping to find a route to China  John Cabot – Italian sailor who explored for England; landed in Newfoundland, Canada, but thought he was in Asia  Giovanni da Verrazzano – Italian who sailed for the French; was looking for the Northwest Passage. Explored the Atlantic coastline, but did not find a passage  Jacques Cartier – French explorer who traveled the St. Lawrence River to present-day Montreal  Spanish Armada – a fleet of ships sent in 1588 by Philip II, the Spanish King, to invade England and restore Roman Catholicism  Samuel de Champlain – Frenchman; founded a fur-trading post at Quebec  New France – a fur-trading post established in 1608 that became the first permanent French settlement in North America

3. The Search for the Northwest Passage  While Spain was taking control of the Americas, other Europeans were sending out expeditions to find the Northwest Passage.  What was the Northwest Passage?  John Cabot (1497) – Newfoundland  Giovanni de Verrazzano (1524) – Atlantic coast  Jacques Cartier (1534-1536) – St. Lawrence River  Henry Hudson (1609, 1610)  NY coast, sailed up river  Canada, entered a large bay

4. The Search for the Northwest Passage  1. What was the Northwest Passage?  A water route through North America to Asia  2. Which European nations actively sought to discover the Northwest Passage?  England, Netherlands, France  Why were European nations interested in finding a Northwest Passage?  The Pope had split the world between Spain and Portugal. Other countries were left without a sea route to Asia. They also wanted territory in the Americas.

8. Spain Responds to Competition  What factors increased the tension among Spain, England, and France?  French and English claims to North America angered Spain. Why?  The tensions between them also stemmed from religious conflicts in Europe, like the Reformation What was the Reformation? "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs" What happened in Florida between the Spanish and French?

9. Conflict in Florida  Ft. Caroline was the first French colony in the US (near present-day Jacksonville)  Founded in 1564 by a group of French Protestants, called Huguenots.  Wanted a place to practice their religion  The oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement and port in the continental US (1565)  Pedro Menéndez de Avilés – led brutal attack against French – why? Fort CarolineSt. Augustine

10. Spain and England Clash  What two things led to conflict?  Religious differences England was Protestant; Spain was Catholic  Quest for national power Queen Elizabeth I (1558) fought to defend England against the Spanish.  English fleet was quicker with skilled sailors Who were sea dogs? What are galleons? Who was Sir Francis Drake? Famous sea dog who attacked Spanish ports and ships in South America over a 3 year voyage He and his men were the first Englishmen to sail around the world

11. Sir Francis Drake

12. The Defeat of the Spanish Armada  Spanish king, Philip II, wants to teach England a lesson  He sent the Spanish Armada (1588) Conquer England Restore Catholicism English and Spanish met in the English Channel. Who won? Why/how? What were the two important effects of the English victory? England remained independent and Protestant Spain’s image suffered; the world saw that Spain could be beaten

14. Study Guide Questions  4. What factors increased the tension among Spain, England, and France?  Religious conflicts in Europe, like the Reformation England-Protestant; Spain-Catholic  French and English claims to North America angered Spain, because they claimed the land under the Treaty of Tordesillas.  5. What role did sea dogs play in the conflict between Spain and England?  They used their speedy ships to attack the larger Spanish galleons.

15. Study Guide Questions, continued  6. Identify the effects of the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Why was the defeat of the Spanish Armada important?  Spain never gained all of their power back. 1. England remained independent and Protestant 2. Spain’s image suffered; showed the world that Spain could be defeated. Other nations would start to challenge Spain.

16. The French and Dutch Seek Trade  France and the Netherlands were also looking for ways to gain wealth  Exploration  Colonization By way of what? When that is unsuccessful, they turn their attention to North America

17. New France  Samuel de Champlain  Explored the St. Lawrence River  Founded a fur-trading post at Quebec (1608) This becomes the first permanent French settlement in North America; they have a rich fur trade with Native Americans After a few decades, the colony of New France thrives

18. New Netherland  New Netherland (present day New York)  Fort Nassau (present day Albany, 1609)  In 1626, the Dutch bought Manhattan Island from the Native Americans  They establish New Amsterdam (present day NYC)  New Netherland also finds success in the fur trade

19. The French and Dutch Seek Trade  7. Where did the French and Dutch establish their first settlements in North America?  French – de Champlain founded Quebec  Dutch – New Netherland, along the Hudson River; also built Fort Nassau (near Albany) and New Amsterdam  8. In what economic activities were the French and Dutch colonies engaged?  Fur trade

20. The French and Dutch Seek Trade, cont.  9. How did the French and Dutch settlements compare to those of the Spanish?  They were small compared to Spain’s large empire in the Americas.  10. Why do you think it took France and the Netherlands so long to set up colonies in the Americas?  They were not as powerful as Spain. At first, they looked for the Northwest Passage and only set up colonies when they could not find it.