Chapter #1 (cont)

IV- European Motivation for Exploration A) The society and culture had remained stagnant for hundreds of years. (The Dark Ages) 1) They resisted new ideas and did not expand into the world.

B) In 1099, pilgrims returning from the HOLY LAND claimed that Muslims were killing pilgrims and turning Catholic shrines into Muslim Mosques.

1) The HOLY LAND is Jerusalem, Israel. At the time it was controlled by the Muslim Turks. 2) The Pope declares a holy war or CRUSADE to retake Jerusalem.

C) European armies fought for 150 years to retake Jerusalem but failed. 1) The Armies returning to Europe brought home many new exotic products. 2) People in Europe were exposed to new fabrics (silk), books (non-religious texts), and spices.

3) Spices- Cinnamon, Fine Sugars, Peppers, and salts. These new products were a huge hit with wealthy Europeans.

4) The new exotic goods become VERY valuable in European markets. And they wanted more.

All of these new great products are on the other side of Asia. The Europeans know that trying to fight their way to Asia won’t work. The failure of the Crusades proved that. How can the Europeans get the new products they crave. Think of a possible solution and write it in your notebook.

V- Europe & Asia Trade A) Europeans now decide to try trading for the exotic goods. B) MARCO POLO- An Italian trader who traveled overland to CHINA and stayed for several years.

1) Marco Polo came home with hordes of new stuff from China. 2) The book, The Travels of Marco Polo, inspired many to repeat his journey (and his vast profits)

Repeating Polo’s voyage

C) Problems with overland trading 1) Is about a 2500 mile walk.(each way) 2) Have to travel over Himalayan Mountains and through the Gobi Desert (not fun). 3) Local rulers may want to kill you or make you pay big money to travel through their land.

Trading overland is very difficult, dangerous, and takes years to complete one trip. Can you think of a possible solution? Write it in your notebook.

VI- Trading by Sea A) Sailing east requires going around Africa. 1) Problems- –Africa is very big and it requires a lot of time. –The winds and winter storms limited sea travel to only a few months a year.

B) Sailing West 1) Sailing out of sight of land was a new practice and VERY dangerous. 2) Most maps said sailing too far to the west would mean sailing off the edge of the Earth.

VII- Christopher Columbus A) Columbus was an Italian sailor who wanted to sail WEST to reach INDIA. B) He had a hard time convincing anyone that this would work.

Columbus’s Plan

Columbus’s Inspiration

C) Spanish Financing 1) Columbus is able to convince Spain’s King and Queen to fund an expedition. 2) Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand give Columbus three ships 3) The NINA, PINTA, and SANTA MARIA set sail

D) Landfall 1) After a LLOONNGG voyage (almost had a mutiny) Columbus and his crew land in the Bahamas Islands. 2) October Europeans set foot in the NEW WORLD (North America).

3) Columbus sails around the Caribbean and names the local natives “Indians” (still thinks he’s in India). 4) He returns to Spain as a hero. 5) He returns several times to the new world and opens the door to Spanish Colonization.

Why did Columbus NOT name the “New World” after himself?

E) Columbus’s mistake 1) Columbus thinks that he is in India 2) Inaccurate maps make him think he sailed farther then he did. 3) Columbus will spend the rest of his life believing that he reached India

VIII- Vispucci A) Amerigo Vispucci- He was a map maker who sailed the coast of South America 10 years after Columbus. B) HE figured out that this was a new continent, so map makers back home called the new continent AMERICA after Amerigo.