Imperial China Collapses Chapter 14 Section 3

Early 1900’s Ready for Revolution Years of humiliation from outsiders Foreign countries control its trade and economic resources Desire to build army and navy, build factories, reform education

Qing Dynasty Falls Kuomintang: Nationalist Party Pushed for Modernization/Nationalism Sun Yixian(yishan): First leader of the Kuomintang Qing Dyanasty ruled China since 1644 1911, last emperor is overthrown

Sun Yixian

New republic “Three Principles of the People” Nationalism: end to foreign control Peoples Rights: democracy Peoples Livelihood: economic security for all Chinese

Shaky Start Sun Yixian unfit as a national leader Civil war breaks out in China

WWI Problems China joins world war I on the side of the Allies with HIGH HOPES The Treaty of Versailles will turn German territory over to Japan! The May 4th Movement……… (Remember Lenin……., communism??)

WWI Problems May 4, 1919, over 3000 angry students gather in Beijing “May Fourth Movement” Not an official revolution, showed Chinese dedication towards modernization and nationalism

Communism People turn away from Sun Yixian’s beliefs Begin favoring Vladamir Lenin’s political beliefs Influenced heavily by Soviet communism

Communism 1921, A group meets in Shanghai to create the Chinese Communist Party Mao Zedong, at the time a librarian, was a founder of the party and became China’s greatest revolutionary leader

Mao Zedong

Communism Lenin helps China’s Nationalist government Sun Yixian dies in 1925, Chiang Kai-shek takes over Kuomintang Kai-shek fears the Communist goals of socialist economy Peasant in the Kuomintang split off and join the Communists

Chiang Kai-Shek

Communists/Nationalists Kai-Shek worked with Communists at first Eventually turned against them April 1927, the Nationalists kill many Communist leaders and trade union members 1928, Kai-shek becomes president of Nationalist Republic of China SUPPORTED BY UNITED STATES

Pres. Kai-Shek Great Britain and U.S. formally recognized the new government Soviet Union refused because they killed so many Communists Communist Party in China was almost totally wiped out

More Civil War Remaining Communists are outraged 1930, a long and bloody civil war breaks out btwn Communists and Nationalists Kai-shek gathers 700k men at The Long March in 1933

Kuomintang 1932

The Long March Nationalist army surrounds the Communist stronghold 100k Communist forces fled, still led by Mao Zedong 6000 mile long journey (long march) barely stay ahead of Nat’ls After a year, they settle in caves in NW China

The Long March COURTESY: MICROSOFT ENCARTA ENCYCLOPEDIA

Japanese Invade Chinese civil war going on Japan takes advantage of situation They invade Manchuria (NE China) Manchuria also called Manchukuo 1937, all out Japanese invasion 1938, Japan causes a truce between Mao and Chiang Kai-shek

Japanese Invade