Respondent and Operant Conditioning Together

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Presentation transcript:

Respondent and Operant Conditioning Together Chapter 15 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Review Respondent Conditioning If a neutral stimulus is followed closely in time by an unconditioned stimulus (US), which elicits and unconditioned response (UR), then the previously neutral stimulus will also elicit UR in the future Operant Conditioning The modification of behavior by its consequences Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Respondent and Operant Conditioning Experiences often include both respondent and operant conditioning occurring together Complete behavioral explanations sometimes require consideration of both Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Example of Respondent and Operant Conditioning Interacting Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Example of Respondent and Operant Conditioning Interacting Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Respondent and Operant Component of Emotions Four important areas: Reaction one feels during the experience of emotion The way the emotion is outwardly expressed or disguised Becoming aware of emotions and describing emotions Causes of emotions Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Respondent Component of Emotions Reflexive reaction of body Digestive system Circulatory system Respiratory system Controlled by autonomic nervous system Fight or flight Relaxation Nearly every organ or gland controlled by the autonomic nervous system is susceptible to respondent conditioning Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Case of “Little Albert”: Watson & Rayner (1920) Conditioned emotional responses Conducted experiment with 11-month-old infant, Albert Used respondent procedures to condition fear response Presented Albert with object (white rat, etc.) Albert plays with it, unafraid Demonstrated that striking steel bar with a hammer, produced a fear response Struck steel bar with hammer while Albert played with a white rat Albert became conditioned to fear the rat Albert also showed generalization to other objects (e.g., white fur coat) not used in conditioning Watson did not extinguish the fear response in Albert (Albert left the hospital) Mary Carver Jones (1924) showed that a fear response in a child similar to Albert can be eliminated through by gradual exposure to the feared object (a form of extinction) Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Operant Components of Emotion: Actions, Descriptions, and Awareness Displays of emotion depend on learning history – operant conditioning at play Labeling of emotions may be inaccurate if we don’t know: Emotion causing events Inner feelings Relevant operant behaviors Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Some Causes of Emotions Happiness Presentation of reinforcers Anger Withholding of reinforcers Anxiety Presentation of aversive stimuli Relief Withdrawal of aversive stimuli Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Respondent and Operant Components of Thinking Imagery – Respondent Thinking can produce brain reactions of sensations Body reactions Self-Talk – Operant Much of thinking is verbal At 5–6 years, begin subvocal speech (talk silently to self) Learn what is appropriate to say and what isn’t Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Private Thoughts and Feelings Principles and procedures of operant and respondent conditioning apply to private behavior Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.