What happened to the Indus Civilization? (2500BC BC) 1750 BC building declines1750 BC building declines Possible gradual changes?Possible gradual changes? Possible sudden catastrophe?Possible sudden catastrophe?

Indo-European Migration Nomadic tribes called Aryans enter in waves 1500BC-250BCNomadic tribes called Aryans enter in waves 1500BC-250BC Pastoral people, wealth measured in cowsPastoral people, wealth measured in cows Lighter skinned Aryans are more warlike, with more advanced weaponryLighter skinned Aryans are more warlike, with more advanced weaponry

Hinduism Develops Combination of Aryan and Dravidian cultures develop HinduismCombination of Aryan and Dravidian cultures develop Hinduism –Aryan oral traditions and gods –Native gods, rituals and writing system - Sanskrit Oldest Hindu texts, the Vedas, are written beginning 1,000 BCOldest Hindu texts, the Vedas, are written beginning 1,000 BC Sacred texts are collections of prayers, hymns, instructions for rituals, devotion to godsSacred texts are collections of prayers, hymns, instructions for rituals, devotion to gods

Brahman Universal spiritUniversal spirit Everything part of BrahmanEverything part of Brahman Goal in life to unite your atman with BrahmanGoal in life to unite your atman with Brahman

Multiple Gods Hindus worship many Gods and GoddessesHindus worship many Gods and Goddesses Gods and Goddesses part of BrahmanGods and Goddesses part of Brahman Important Gods: Brahma – “the creator” Vishnu – “the preserver” Shiva – the destroyer”Important Gods: Brahma – “the creator” Vishnu – “the preserver” Shiva – the destroyer”

Dharma Sacred dutySacred duty Individual dharma determined by personality, age, gender, social classIndividual dharma determined by personality, age, gender, social class Following dharma promotes harmonyFollowing dharma promotes harmony

Karma Sum of good and bad actions atman carries from life to lifeSum of good and bad actions atman carries from life to life Good and bad actions affect your status in future lifeGood and bad actions affect your status in future life

Samsara Continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirthContinuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth –Reincarnation Goal in life is to achieve moksha and be released from samsaraGoal in life is to achieve moksha and be released from samsara

Create a Mandala The word mandala means “sacred circle” in ancient Sanskrit. A mandala is a piece of art that represents beliefs about the universe.The word mandala means “sacred circle” in ancient Sanskrit. A mandala is a piece of art that represents beliefs about the universe.