St. Clair County RESA Monica Hartman August 18, 2008

Group Norms Everyone participates, but you can always pass. No put downs. Be an active listener. Be honest and open when sharing ideas. Take risks. Find connections to each others’ thoughts. Be respectful of differences. Better yet, appreciate and look forward to differences. Do not interrupt each other.

Fifth Grade GLCEs P.FM.M.4 Speed- Motion can be described by a change in position relative to a point of reference. The motion of an object can be described by its speed and the direction it is moving. The position and speed of an object can be measured and graphed as a function of time. P.FM Explain the motion of an object relative to its point of reference. P.FM Describe the motion of an object in terms of distance, time and direction, as the object moves, and in relationship to other objects. P.FM Illustrate how motion can be measured and represented on a graph.

What moves? How could you describe the movement of one of these ideas to a friend?

Ways to describe motion How far? Direction of motion Distance of motion Speed of motion How fast? Where?

Motion Sensor Middle School Science with Vernier Graphing Your Motion Experiment 33 Use a motion detector to make a graph of your motions.

Using the motion sensor Reference point What does the line look like when you move away from the reference point? time distance Distance vs. Time

Using the motion sensor Reference point What does the line look like when you move toward the reference point? time distance Distance vs. Time

Using the motion sensor Reference point What will the line look like if you stand away from the motion sensor and don’t move? Time keeps ticking, even if your distance from the reference point (motion sensor) stays the same. time distance Distance vs. Time

Motion Sensor Middle School Science with Vernier Velocity Experiment 34 Use a motion detector to measure velocity

Speed Galileo is credited with being the first to measure speed by considering the distance covered and the time it takes. distance Speed = time A cyclist who covers 30 meters in a time of 2 seconds has a speed of 15 meters per second

Velocity When we know the speed and the direction of an object, we know its velocity. distance Velocity = time

Constant Speed and Velocity Constant Speed Constant Velocity Constant speed means steady speed. Something with constant speed does not speed up or slow down. Constant velocity means both constant speed and constant direction Constant direction is a straight line – the object’s path does not curve Constant velocity means motion in a straight line at a constant speed

Force Interactions P.FM.M.2 Force Interactions- Some forces between objects act when the objects are in direct contact (touching), such as friction and air resistance, or when they are not in direct contact (not touching), such as magnetic force, electrical force, and gravitational force. P.FM Distinguish between contact forces and non-contact forces. P.FM Demonstrate contact and non-contact forces to change the motion of an object.

Forces P.FM.M.3 Force- Forces have a magnitude and direction. Forces can be added. The net force on an object is the sum of all of the forces acting on the object. The speed and/or direction of motion of an object changes when a non-zero net force is applied to it. A balanced force on an object does not change the motion of the object (the object either remains at rest or continues to move at a constant speed in a straight line). P.FM Describe what happens when two forces act on an object in the same or opposing directions. P.FM Describe how constant motion is the result of balanced (zero net) forces. P.FM Describe how changes in the motion of objects are caused by a non-zero net (unbalanced) force. P.FM Relate the size of change in motion to the strength of unbalanced forces and the mass of the object.

Physics for the Elementary Teacher Simulators

What forces are involved in the motion of a soccer ball before and after it is kicked? Draw a picture of the soccer ball before it is kicked and label the forces. Draw a picture of the soccer ball after it is kicked and label the forces.

Activity 1: Interactions and Force Is the motion of the cart after the push the same as during the push? Follow the activities with the motion sensor as suggested on pages 2-2 to 2-6 Do the Simulator Exploration as suggested on pages 2-7 and 2-8 Cycle 2 Activity 1 Setup Read about Forces and Force Diagrams on pages 2-8 to 2-10

Activity 2: Motion with a Continuous Force Do the activity as suggested on pages 2-13 to 2-18 using the motion sensor, cars, and fans. Do the simulator activity on pages 2-18 to 2-19 Cycle 2 Activity 2 Setup Summarizing Questions pages 2-20 to 2-22.

Activity 2 HW Pushing a Skateboarder Make predictions on pages 2-23 to 2-25 Do Simulator Activity Cycle 2 Activity 2 HW Setup Summarizing Questions on page 2-26

Activity 3 Pushing Against the Motion What effect does a backward push have on the motion of an object? Make predictions as directed on pages 2-27 to Practice giving the car very gentle taps in the opposite direction. Use the motion sensor Do the simulator exploration Cycle 2 Activity 3 Setup

Activity 3 Pushing Against the Motion What effect does a continuous backward push have? Make predictions as directed on pages 2-32 to Use the motion sensor for Experiment #2. Do the simulator exploration as described in Step 3 on page 2-35 using the same setup as before Cycle 2 Activity 3 Setup Summarizing Questions on pages 2-35 and 2-36

Activity 3 HW 1 Combinations of Forces Experiment #1 Simulator Exploration. What effect do combinations of forces have on an object at rest? Make a prediction - pages 2-41 and 2-42 See page 2-50 for directions for using the simulator Activity 2 Activity 3 HW Setup 1 pages 2-42 to 2-45 Activity 2 Activity 3 HW Setup 1 How do objects behave when more than one force acts on them?

Activity 3 HW: Unbalanced Combination of Forces Experiment #2 Simulator Exploration What effect does an unbalanced combination of forces have on an object that is already moving? Pages 2-46 to 2-48 Cycle 2 Activity 3 HW Setup 2

Activity 3 HW 2 Children’s Ideas about Force and Motion Read pages 2-51 to 2-53 Movie Activity 4 What forces are involved in the motion of a soccer ball before and after it is kicked?

Jet Toys A World In Motion