1. Notes Titles: What is a Force? Combining Forces Friction Gravity
Projectile Motion

2. The wind pushes against the man and his umbrella
The wind pushes against the man and his umbrella. The push from the wind is a force.

3. Forces
Force- a push or a pull that acts on an object.
A force can cause a resting object to move, or it can accelerate a moving object by changing the object’s speed or direction.
Measuring Force
You may have measured forces using a spring scale.
The stretch of the spring in the scale depends on the amount of weight (a type of force) acting on it.

4. Classification of Forces
Contact
normal forces
frictional forces
applied forces
Non-contact
gravitational forces
electrical forces
magnetic force

5. What Is a Force?

6. Units of Force
One newton (N) is the force that causes a 1-kilogram mass to accelerate at a rate of 1 meter per second each second (1 m/s2).
1 N = 1 kg•m/s2
Representing Force
Arrows can represent a force.
The direction of the arrow represents the direction of the force
The lengths of the arrows show the strength, or magnitude of the force

7. What Is a Force?

8. Combining Forces Forces in the same direction add together.
net force- the overall force acting on an object after all the forces are combined.
Forces in the same direction add together.
Forces in opposite directions subtract from one another.

9. Balanced Forces
When the forces on an object are balanced, the net force is zero, and there is no change in the object’s motion
An unlimited number of individual forces can act on an object to produce a net force of zero.

10. Combining Forces
The two groups pull with equal forces in opposite directions. The forces combine to make a net force of zero.

11. Unbalanced Forces
An unbalanced force is a force that results when the net force acting on an object is not equal to zero.
When an unbalanced force acts on an object, the object accelerates.
Speeds up
Slows down
Changes direction

12. Combining Forces Forces can add together or subtract from one another.
Adding forces-
Same direction

13. Forces can add together or subtract from one another.
Combining Forces
Forces can add together or subtract from one another.
Adding forces-
Same direction
Adding forces
Subtracting forces-
Opposite direction

14. Forces can add together or subtract from one another.
Combining Forces
Forces can add together or subtract from one another.
Adding forces-
Same direction
Adding forces
Subtracting forces-
Opposite direction
Equal and opposite forces-
Results in no net force

15. Friction- force that opposes the motion of objects that touch as they move past each other.
The strength of the force of friction depends on two factors.
How hard the surfaces push together
Rubbing hands together
The types of surfaces involved
Sand vs snow

16. Moon and Earth distance Earth and Sun distance
Gravity - a force that acts between any two masses.
Gravity is an attractive force among all objects
Gravity can act over large distances.
Moon and Earth distance
Earth and Sun distance
Earth’s gravity acts downward toward the center of Earth.

17. Gravity
Earth exerts an attractive, downward force on this boulder. The supporting rock exerts an upward force on the boulder. The forces are balanced.

18. Both gravity and air resistance affect the motion of a falling object.
Gravity causes objects to accelerate downward at a rate of 9.8 m/s²
air resistance acts in the direction opposite to the motion and reduces acceleration.
Terminal velocity is the constant velocity of a falling object when the force of air resistance equals the force of gravity.

19. Gravity
This flying squirrel takes advantage of air resistance to slow its fall and increase the distance covered in the jump.
feather and hammer

20. Projectile Motion
Their masses are different, but the blue and green balls fall at the same rate.

21. Projectile Motion projectile motion video
Their masses are different, but the blue and green balls fall at the same rate.
The yellow ball is a projectile, following a curved path.

22. Projectile motion - the motion of a falling object (projectile) after it is given an initial forward velocity.
The combination of an initial forward velocity and the downward vertical force of gravity causes the ball to follow a curved path.
Air resistance and gravity are the only forces acting on a projectile.

23. Assessment Questions
If an object is at rest, which of the following statements must be true?
There are no forces acting on the object.
There is no friction acting on the object.
The forces acting on the object are unbalanced.
The net force acting on the object is zero.

24. Assessment Questions
If an object is at rest, which of the following statements must be true?
There are no forces acting on the object.
There is no friction acting on the object.
The forces acting on the object are unbalanced.
The net force acting on the object is zero. ANS: D

25. Which of the following is not a type of friction?
Assessment Questions
Which of the following is not a type of friction?
static friction
sliding friction
fluid friction
pull friction

26. Which of the following is not a type of friction?
Assessment Questions
Which of the following is not a type of friction?
static friction
sliding friction
fluid friction
pull friction
ANS: D

27. In which direction does Earth’s gravitational force act?
Assessment Questions
In which direction does Earth’s gravitational force act?
opposite the direction of motion
downward toward the center of Earth
upward away from the center of Earth
in the direction of motion

28. In which direction does Earth’s gravitational force act?
Assessment Questions
In which direction does Earth’s gravitational force act?
opposite the direction of motion
downward toward the center of Earth
upward away from the center of Earth
in the direction of motion ANS: B

29. Assessment Questions
A ball thrown into the air follows a projectile course due to the initial velocity and the
force of gravity.
effect of air resistance.
motion of Earth beneath it.
mass of the ball.

30. Assessment Questions
A ball thrown into the air follows a projectile course due to the initial velocity and the
force of gravity.
effect of air resistance.
motion of Earth beneath it.
mass of the ball. ANS: A

31. Assessment Questions
The SI unit for force is 1 kg•m/s2, also called one kepler. True False

32. Assessment Questions
The SI unit for force is 1 kg•m/s2, also called one kepler. True False
ANS: F, newton