State and Local Gov’t

State Constitutions 1. Basic Principles 1. Basic Principles Popular Sovereignty and Limited Gov’t Popular Sovereignty and Limited Gov’t Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances

State Constitutions  2. Protections of Civil Rights  Each State Constitution has a Bill of Rights  Similar to National Bill of Rights

State Constitutions 3. Governmental Powers and Processes 3. Governmental Powers and Processes Lists the powers of the Lists the powers of the ExecutiveExecutive LegislativeLegislative JudicialJudicial Local Gov’tLocal Gov’t

State Constitutions 4. Constitutional Change Explains the means to amend or revise the state Constitution

Executive Branch United States  President  Cabinet (Pres. & Senate)  Vice President Arizona  Governor  Cabinet (voters elect)  Secretary of State

State Executive Governor = Top Executive 4 year term Qualifications- 25 years old Live in state for 5 yrs 10 year citizen

Executive Powers Supervisory Powers – Overlooks state agencies Budget Making Powers – Prepares annual budget Military Powers – Commander-in-Chief of National Guard

State Executive Selection-Selection- –Elected by popular vote

Executive Powers  Appointment and Removal-  Just like the President, chooses his/her subordinates  Removal  Recall (like impeachment)  Voters sign Petitions  Brings up for reelection

Line of Succession  Secretary of State- –Chief Clerk  State Treasurer- –In charge of money (collects taxes)  Attorney General- –Chief Lawyer  Superintendent of Public Instruction –School Laws enforcement officer

State Legislatures Legislative Powers- Legislative Powers- –Ex. Tax, Spend, Borrow, Define Crimes Tax, Spend, Borrow, Define Crimes Police Power Police Power

Legislative Branch United States Congress Congress House (435) Senate (100) House (435) Senate (100) Az. Has 8 Congressional Districts Az. Has 8 Congressional Districts Arizona State Legislature State Legislature House (60) Senate (30) House (60) Senate (30) Legislative Districts 30 (served by 1 Senator and 2 Reps. Legislative Districts 30 (served by 1 Senator and 2 Reps.

State Legislatures  Qualifications- States vary, but in Az. 25 years old for the Senate and House Elected to 2 year terms Serve 60 day sessions, but governor and most Legislatures can call special sessions

State Legislatures Elections- Elected by popular vote (no electoral college) Nominated by party primaries (Except Nebraska)

Judicial Branch United States Supreme Court (9) Supreme Court (9) District Courts District Courts Judges serve for life Judges serve for life Serve as long as want Serve as long as want Arizona Supreme Courts (5) Supreme Courts (5) Superior Courts Superior Courts Voter Approval every 4 yrs Voter Approval every 4 yrs Mandatory retirement at 70 Mandatory retirement at 70

Arizona Court System State Supreme Court State Appellate Court State Trial Court

Arizona Court System Selection Process  Supreme Court/Court of Appeals Put on list by commission Chosen by Governor Confirmed by Senate  District/Superior Courts Appointed and must be retained (voted every 4 years)

Judge Qualifications At least 30 years old Of good moral character A resident of Arizona Admitted to the practice of law in Arizona for the five years immediately prior to taking office.

Supreme Court ○ 5 Justices Chief Justice Vice Chief Justice 3 Associate Justices ○ 6 Year Terms Court of Appeals ○ 22 Judges Chief Judge Presiding Judge ○ 6 Year Terms Superior Court ○ 159 Judges ○ 4 Year Terms Arizona Courts

Tribal Sovereignty Tribal sovereignty in the United States refers to the inherent authority of indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States of America. The US federal government recognizes tribal nations as "domestic dependent nations“ United States of America

Gerrymandering refers to the act of drawing congressional districts to the advantage of the political party that controls the State legislature.

Direct Legislation  The Initiative-  Direct: Voters sign petitions to propose a law and it goes directly to the ballot  Indirect: Measure goes to the legislature first if they don’t pass it, it then goes to the ballot

Direct Legislation The Referendum- The Referendum- –Legislative measure is referred to the voters for final approval –Mandatory –Optional –Popular

Redistricting The redrawing of congressional districts, usually following a new population census, to maintain an equal population in each district.

City Government  Mayor-Council- Voters>Mayor/Council>Dept. Heads Strong Mayor  Voters elect/Mayor Appoints Weak Mayor  Voters elect/Council Appoints