Learning A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience. A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience.

Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Ivan Pavlov Russian Physiologist Russian Physiologist Pavlovian Psychology Pavlovian Psychology Father of Classical Conditioning Father of Classical Conditioning Studied the principles of conditioning for over 30 years Studied the principles of conditioning for over 30 years

Classical Conditioning  Ivan Pavlov   Russian physician/ neurophysiologist  Nobel Prize in 1904  studied digestive secretions

Classical Conditioning  Pavlov ’ s device for recording salivation

Classical Conditioning  Classical Conditioning  organism comes to associate two stimuli  a neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus

Classical Conditioning Powerful Unconditioned Stimulus = Food

Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Response to the presentation of food = Salivation

Classical Conditioning UCS = Food UCR = Salivation

Classical Conditioning N S = Tuning Fork (Bell)

Classical Conditioning Neutral Stimulus Associated With Unconditioned Stimulus

Classical Conditioning C S = Tuning Fork C R = Salivation Elicits

Classical Conditioning UCS UCR FoodSalivation NS NS Tuning Fork Tuning Fork CS CR Tuning ForkSalivation Tuning ForkSalivation

Classical Conditioning  1. While you were taking your first shower in the dorms, someone flushed a nearby toilet. Now, whenever you hear a flush while you are showing, you jump out of the way.  UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___

Classical Conditioning  2. People receiving chemotherapy often vomit during or shortly after the procedure. After several chemotherapy sessions, they begin feeling sick as soon as they enter the treatment room.  UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___

Classical Conditioning  3. Eating Mom ’ s wonderful cookies always makes your mouth water. To guarantee you do get to eat the cookies, you hide them in your zippered duffle bag in your closet. Now just the sound of unzipping the duffle makes your mouth water.  UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___

Classical Conditioning  4. No-so-clever Margo drank many shots of Rootbeer Schnapps and the alcohol made her really sick. The next day she popped a rootbeer candy in her mouth, but immediately had to spit out because it made her feel so nauseated.  UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___

Classical Conditioning  5. You ’ re involved in a passionate relationship. Whenever you and your “ mate ” make-out (and get turned on), you play your special CD. Now just hearing that music makes you get aroused.  UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___

Classical Conditioning  6. Mikey cried after receiving a painful vaccination from a nurse in a white jacket. The next week his mother couldn ’ t understand why Mikey burst out in tears when the barber (in white jacket) welcomed them to his shop.  UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___

Classical Conditioning UCS (passionate kiss) UCR (sexual arousal) CS (onion breath) CS (onion breath) CR (sexual arousal) UCS (passionate Kiss) UCR (sexual arousal)

Expanding Pavlov ’ s Research Expanding Pavlov ’ s Research –Generalization 2 or more stimuli responded to in similar way2 or more stimuli responded to in similar way –example = whistle, bell, beards –Discrimination making distinctions between 2 stimulimaking distinctions between 2 stimuli –Extinction response weakens or disappearsresponse weakens or disappears –Spontaneous Recovery Revival of an extinguished responseRevival of an extinguished response

Behaviorism  John B. Watson  viewed psychology as objective science  generally agreed-upon consensus today  recommended study of behavior without reference to unobservable mental processes  not universally accepted by all schools of thought today

JB Watson ‘ Baby Albert Experiment ’ Radical Behaviorism Radical Behaviorism Turn of Century Turn of Century Watson argued that humans do not act on their own. Humans wait to be stimulated like mechanical toys. Watson believed that the role of psychology was to figure out how the human machine worked. Watson argued that humans do not act on their own. Humans wait to be stimulated like mechanical toys. Watson believed that the role of psychology was to figure out how the human machine worked.

Radical Behaviorism Watson..... Watson..... –“ Give me a dozen healthy infants, well- formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in, and I ’ ll guarentee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I select -- doctor, lawer, artist, beggar-man and their, regardless of his talents, tendencies, abilities, vocations.

Baby Albert unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response Loud Noise Fear

Baby Albert Neutral Stimulus

Baby Albert Conditioned stimulus elicits the Conditioned Response

Baby Albert Watson and Baby Albert