How does the definition match your thoughts? How does the definition differ from your thoughts? Assessment Definition Assessment is the ongoing process of gathering, analysing and reflecting on evidence to make informed and consistent judgements to improve future student learning. 1

Summative - Assessment of Learning - Black box -Serves Accountability - Tests, Examinations, etc. Formative - Assessment for Learning - Stimulates development of understanding - Serves Effective teaching - Observation, analysis of work, critical reflection, etc. 2

Assessment for Learning Students take part in the kinds of activities that are: valuable long term, help them to develop, provide them with guidance and feedback and ensure that students learn how to assess themselves as future professionals. The key components of the AfL model are: Authentic assessment Balancing formative and summative assessment Active and participatory learning Feedback through dialogue Feedback through participation Development of student autonomy 3

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The classroom opinion poll - Focus on students’ attitudes and values. -A pre- or post-assessment device “to determine whether and how students’ opinions have changed in response to class discussions and assignments.” Angelo and Cross, Classroom Assessment Techniques, Examples?????? 5

The classroom opinion poll Example: In a history class before discussing the debates surrounding the use of the atomic bomb, a teacher could ask students whether or not the United States should have used the bombs to end the war. This question is ideal to use both before and after discussing the use of the bombs. 6

The Journals Useful for asking students to reflect on their beliefs, values, and Attitudes. Many teachers require their students to keep their lecture and reading notes in a journal. When used informally, students may actually provide more honest remarks since they know that their attitudes are not being graded. Examples,,,,,,, 7

The Journals Example: The double-entry journal, students write their reactions to their lessons in a separate column. On the left side of the page, students should take their lecture or reading notes, while on the right side, next to the appropriate issue, they should write their comments. Such responses help teachers to evaluate their students’ reading, analytical, and reflective abilities 8

Portfolios or collections of students’ work Summative portfolio, the emphasis is generally on having students save examples of their best work. Instead of emphasizing students’ best work, a formative portfolio includes examples of students’ work that emphasize their development over a period of time. 9

Portfolios or collections of students’ work Formative portfolio collections include: essays, research papers, written projects, and other written exercises; cooperative learning group outcomes; skill demonstrations (e.g., using reference materials); authentic creations (e.g., oral history projects, exhibits, videos, audiotapes, artifacts, photographs, bulletin boards, posters, Web sites); rating forms, checklists, and observation forms; 10

If our aim is to improve student performance, not just measure it, we must ensure that students know the performances expected of them, the standards against which they will be judged, and have opportunities to learn from the assessment in future assessments. (Grant Wiggins, 2002) 11 Improving student performance

Effective feedback provides: information about what happened or was done an evaluation of how well or otherwise the action or task was performed guidance as to how performance can be improved. 12 What is effective feedback?

Visual, oral, etc. Behaviourist Constructivist Creative Social/Collaborative 13 Types of feedback

The aims of the workshop include : To understand the assessment and evaluation challenges for social studies To plan sound assessment and evaluation in social studies To explain what specific forms of assessment and evaluation used in Palestinian schools? To explore the characteristics of forms of assessment used at Palestinian schools To explore the formative assessment tools To apply the formative assessment tools to the context of teaching and learning in Palestinian schools and to integrate them in teachers’ preparation programs. 14