Body Systems Vocabulary

Systems  Cell – The smallest living thing that can preform life functions  Tissue – group of similar cells working together for one function  Organ – A group of tissues working together  System - A group of organs working together

Skeletal System  Gives us shape, protects organs and produces blood.  Parts  Bones – Provide structure, make blood  Marrow – Inside of bones, make blood  Femur – Strongest bone in the body  Cartilage – Soft tissue in between bones  Ligament – Holds bones together

Muscular System  Movement  Parts:  Muscles – Tissues that contract (get shorter and PULL ONLY!)  Tendon – holds muscles to bones  Smooth muscles – Run involuntary functions (lungs, stomach, etc.)  Cardiac muscles – Heart muscles never get tired  Skeletal – Move bones

Respiratory System  Add oxygen to body and remove carbon dioxide  Parts:  Trachea – brings air to lungs  Lungs – hold air  Alveoli – Capillaries in alveoli grab oxygen and give off carbon dioxide  Diaphragm – Muscle that operates the lungs

Digestive System  Breaks down food gets rid of waste  Parts:  Mouth – Allows food in the body  Stomach – breaks down food  Large intestines – Absorbs nutrients  Bile – Chemical in the stomach used to break down food.

Circulatory System  Brings nutrients and removes waste from organs  Parts:  Heart – Pumps blood throughout the body  Artery – takes blood away from heart  Vein – Brings blood back to the heart  Capillary – Connects arteries to veins. Run to the surface of all organs  Blood – carries nutrients and waste

Nervous System  Controls all functions  Parts:  Brain – Main control unit of the Nervous system  Nerves – stretch throughout the body and transfer information  Spinal cord – Runs down your back, connects nerves to brain  Synapse – sends information between nerve cells

Epithelial System  Protects the body, controls temperature, holds your organs in  Parts:  Epidermis – Outer layer protects the body  Dermis – Middle layer contains sweat glands, hair follicles and capillaries  Hypodermis – Mostly fat, insulates and absorbs shock  Sebaceous fat – connected to hypodermis insulates and stores energy

Endocrine  Produces hormones, that are needed for proper body function and growth  Parts:  Gland – Produces hormones  Hormones – chemicals that excite cells  Metabolism – Turn food to energy  Hypothalamus – maintains homeostasis  Pituitary – controls growth

Toaster  Heats bread and makes it turn brown.