What is the Demographic Transition Model? BY THE END OF THIS LESSON YOU WILL BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN TO ME EXACTLY WHAT THIS IS AND HOW IT WORKS. ? ? ? ? ? Starter: Write down definitions for these terms: Birth Rate Death Rate Infant mortality Dense Sparse

Challenge-follow the instructions in your pair and create your own DTM- these will be compared and checked at the end 1.You need 3 different coloured pens to create a key for: Birth rate, death rate, total population 2.Draw an x-y graph structure. 3.Along the x axis- divide it into 5 equal vertical sections with a dotted line and number them stage 1 to 5. 4.Label the y axis ‘Birth and death rates (per 1,000 of the population)’ and x axis time 5.NOW TIME TO THINK- you must draw lines as is described in each stage and use your initiative for any omitted information…. 6.Stage 1- there is a high birth rate and high death rate that fluctuates. There is a low total population. 7.Stage 2- the health care and sanitation has improved. The birth rate remains the same. (what is happening to the population?) 8.Stage 3- there’s a decreased desire for large families and increased access to contraception. Death rate continues to fall. (what is happening to the population?) 9.Stage 4- birth rate and death rate remain low but fluctuating. (what is happening to the population?) 10.Stage 5- there are very few babies being born and the population is decreasing. (what is happening to the death rate?) 11.Using these labels- decide which goes with each stage: late expanding, recession, early expanding, low fluctuating, high fluctuating 12.Real life situations: Put these situations into the correct location along your DTM a) latex condoms become available b) penicillin invented c) factories ban child labour d) women have children later in life e) families are large so children can work in the fields f) clean water widely available g) post-war baby boom generation

Demographic transition Model Draw your own accurate DTM large in the middle of a double page spread Page 234 helps a) latex condoms become available b) penicillin invented c) factories ban child labour d) women have children later in life e) families are large so children can work in the fields f) clean water widely available g) post-war baby boom generation

Stage 1 : Pre industrialisation: Stable population growth Stage 2: Rapid population growth Stage 3: Continued and decreasing population growth Stage 4: Stable low population growth High Birth rates No or little Family Planning Parents have many children because few survive Many children are needed to work the land Children are a sign of virility Some religious beliefs and cultural traditions encourage large families Falling Birth rates Family Planning utilised, contraceptives, abortions, sterilisation and other government incentives A lower infant mortality rates means less pressure to have children Increased mechanisation and industrialisation means less need for labour Rapid urbanisation lessens capacity for large families. High Death rates Disease and plague (e.g. bubonic, cholera, kwashiorkor) Famine, uncertain food supplies and poor diet Poor hygiene, no piped clean water or sewage disposal

Stage 1 : Pre industrialisation: Stable population growth Stage 2: Rapid population growth Stage 3: Continued and decreasing population growth Stage 4: Stable low population growth High Birth rates No or little Family Planning Parents have many children because few survive Many children are needed to work the land Children are a sign of virility Some religious beliefs and cultural traditions encourage large families Falling Birth rates Family Planning utilised, contraceptives, abortions, sterilisation and other government incentives A lower infant mortality rates means less pressure to have children Increased mechanisation and industrialisation means less need for labour Rapid urbanisation lessens capacity for large families. High Death rates Disease and plague (e.g. bubonic, cholera, kwashiorkor) Famine, uncertain food supplies and poor diet Poor hygiene, no piped clean water or sewage disposal Falling Death rates Improved medical care e.g. vaccinations, hospitals, doctors, new drugs and scientific inventions Improved sanitation and waters supply Improvements in food production in terms of quality and quantity Improved transport to move food and doctors A decrease in child mortality

Stage 1 : Pre industrialisation: Stable population growth Stage 2: Rapid population growth Stage 3: Continued and decreasing population growth Stage 4: Stable low population growth High Birth rates No or little Family Planning Parents have many children because few survive Many children are needed to work the land Children are a sign of virility Some religious beliefs and cultural traditions encourage large families Falling Birth rates Family Planning utilised, contraceptives, abortions, sterilisation and other government incentives A lower infant mortality rates means less pressure to have children Increased mechanisation and industrialisation means less need for labour Rapid urbanisation lessens capacity for large families. Low Birth rates Increased desire for material possessions and less desire for large families. Couples ‘choice’ Women’s rights/feminism. More women in education and the workplace. Choosing careers over families. Widespread use of contraception. Very low infant mortality rate.

Stage 1 : Pre industrialisation: Stable population growth Stage 2: Rapid population growth Stage 3: Continued and decreasing population growth Stage 4: Stable low population growth High Birth rates No or little Family Planning Parents have many children because few survive Many children are needed to work the land Children are a sign of virility Some religious beliefs and cultural traditions encourage large families Falling Birth rates Family Planning utilised, contraceptives, abortions, sterilisation and other government incentives A lower infant mortality rates means less pressure to have children Increased mechanisation and industrialisation means less need for labour Rapid urbanisation lessens capacity for large families. Low Birth rates Increased desire for material possessions and less desire for large families. Couples ‘choice’ Women’s rights/feminism. More women in education and the workplace. Choosing careers over families. Widespread use of contraception. Very low infant mortality rate. High Death rates Disease and plague (e.g. bubonic, cholera, kwashiorkor) Famine, uncertain food supplies and poor diet Poor hygiene, no piped clean water or sewage disposal Falling Death rates Improved medical care e.g. vaccinations, hospitals, doctors, new drugs and scientific inventions Improved sanitation and waters supply Improvements in food production in terms of quality and quantity Improved transport to move food and doctors A decrease in child mortality Low Death rates Further investment into the health service (medicine, equipment and staff). Greater awareness of diet.

On your DTM you must now annotate it with: – Reasons why the DR and BR change at each stage – Countries at this stage – When the UK went through the stage – DO NOT JUST COPY FROM THE TEXT BOOK!

Time Development of a country Stage 1 High Stationary Stage 2 Early Expanding Stage 3 Late Expanding Stage 4 Low Fluctuating Population Death Rates Total Population Birth Rates What is the Demographic Transition Model?

Questions- answer in FULL sentences: Using page 232 and How are birth and death rates effected by scientific/medical influences? 2.How are birth and death rates effected by economic influences? 3.How are birth and death rates effected by social and political influences? 4.Do you think that every single country goes through the different stages in exactly the same way as the model shows? (THINK ABOUT TIME, HISTORY, POLITICAL AND CULTURE) Explain your answer. 5.Why do you think that stage 5 has been added on at a later date? 6.What are population pyramids? Page Draw population pyramids that would fit with each stage of the DTM 8.Answer questions

Questions –using your own knowledge and the information from the text Write a definition for: Birth rate, death rate, child mortality, immunisation, How much did the number of children dying before the age of 5 fall between 1990 and 2020? Name 3 countries in Sub Saharan Africa. Why do you think it has the highest child mortality? What has reduced the Death Rate across the world? How and why did Niger’s child mortality rate fall? Why is Somalia’s Death Rate predicted to get worse? Use 3 bits of evidence/date in your answer? How would Somalia’s population pyramid change as a result of this? Describe and explain where you would put Somalia and Niger on the Demographic Transition model. Explain why governments are trying to reduce child mortality. (THINK: social and economic) Summarise the article in 140 characters (twitter length)

June 2012