The Industrial Revolution Chapter 11 Section 1 The Industrial Revolution

What is the Industrial Revolution? It was a long slow process which completely changed the way goods were produced.

The Industrial Revolution Begins The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the mid-1700’s In 1764, James Hargreaves developed the spinning jenny. The spinning jenny could spin several threads at one time. Richard Arkwright invented a machine that could spin 100 spindles of thread. It required water power to turn the wheels In 1780 Edmund Cartwright built a loom powered by water. They could now produce 200 times as much cloth

The Industrial Revolution Begins See page 295 in your textbook Capitalist is a person who invests in a business in order to make a profit The new factory system brought workers and machinery together in one place to produce goods

Revolution Crosses the Atlantic Samuel Slater worked in Arkwright’s mill He knew the United States was offering rewards for British plans. He memorized Arkwright’s designs and traveled to the United States.

Revolution Crosses the Atlantic Moses Brown a Quaker merchant and Samuel Slater decided to open the first mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island

Lowell, Massachusetts: A Model Factory Town Francis Cabot Lowell a Boston merchant, found a way to improve on British textile mills Lowell joined with several partners to form the Boston Associates. They built a textile factory in Waltham, Massachusetts The “Lowell Girls” usually worked a few years in the mills before they went home to marry

Impact of Daily Life Mill owners mostly hired women and children They could pay women and children half of what they would have to pay a man Working hours in the mills were long 12 hours a day and 6 days a week http://www.teachertube.com

Interchangeable Parts Eli Whitney was an American inventor He wanted to speed up gun making He came up with the idea for interchangeable parts Ex: one trigger would be identical to another

Growing Cites The movement of populations from farms to cities is called urbanization The city had many hazards Dirt and gravel streets turned into mud holes when it rained Cities had no sewers and people threw their garbage into the streets Disease spread quickly Fire also posed a threat in cites