Learning. What is Learning? A relatively permanent change caused by experience –Learn about events themselves –Learn about relationships Permits adaptation.

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Presentation transcript:

Learning

What is Learning? A relatively permanent change caused by experience –Learn about events themselves –Learn about relationships Permits adaptation to an ever-changing environment Simple forms of learning are shared with other animals

Nonassociative Habituation (less responsive to an event over trials) Sensitization (more responsive to a event over trials or more responsive because we are aroused)

Associative Learning Pavlovian/Classical (learning about the relationship between a signal and a biologically potent event) Instrumental/Operant (learning about the relationship between our own responses and their consequences)

Pavlov’s Apparatus

Classical Conditioning

Changes Over Time in the Strength of a CR

Stimulus Generalization

Signaling of Biologically Potent Events Is the CR always similar to the UR? –Answer: CR not always a copy of UR opposite (drug tolerance)drug tolerance unrelated (freeze) Basic features –automatic and effortless, incremental, usually beneficial (expected versus spontaneous sex)expected Next

Drug Tolerance and Conditioning Initial Response to Drug: relaxation, pain reduction, warmth, peacefulness, constipation

Compensatory CRs Learned Response to Signals for Drug : agitation, pain, hypothermia, aggression, diarrhea

Overdose Death Response to large dose unopposed by learned compensatory response causes death

Siegel’s Result Back

Benefits of Expected Sex Karen Hollis Link

Benefits of Expected Sex

Factors Timing (aka “when”) Predictability (aka “whether”) UCS Intensity CS Attention Biopreparedness (aka “marriage”) –e.g., conditioned taste aversionsconditioned taste aversions Higher-Order Conditioning (aka “guilt by association”)Higher-Order Conditioning

“Guilt by Association”

Some Applications of Classical Conditioning Phobias –Intense, irrational fears of objects or situations. –Systematic desensitization uses classical conditioning principles to extinguish fears. Taste aversion and chemotherapy Enuresis Advertising

Garcia’s Experiment Back