Social Studies Grade 7 Chapter 10 The Age of Jefferson

A Republican Takes Office As a result of the Election of 1800 Jefferson becomes the 1 st Democratic-Republican President Jefferson wanted to make the country more Democratic. Democratic means making sure all people have the same rights. Jefferson believed that ordinary people were the nation’s strength.

Goals of Jefferson 2 main goals of his Presidency: 2 main goals of his Presidency: Reduce the size of the government Reduce the size of the government Reconcile the differences between the 2 political parties Reconcile the differences between the 2 political parties

Policies of Jefferson 1.Tries to cut the federal budget and reduce federal debt 2.Promotes laissez-faire policies in economic affairs Laissez-faire means “leave alone” The belief that government should play little role in economic affairs 3.Decreases the size of Government Departments 4.Reduces the size of the Army and Navy 5.Asks Congress to repeal the Whiskey Tax

Policies of Jefferson 1.Keeps the Bank of the United States 2.Continues to pay off State debts using Federal money 3.Allows many Federalists to keep their government jobs

Strengthening the Supreme Court Between Jefferson’s election and inauguration President Adams appointed many Federalist Judges to new judicial positions Between Jefferson’s election and inauguration President Adams appointed many Federalist Judges to new judicial positions John Marshall a Federalist, is appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court John Marshall a Federalist, is appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Marbury v. Madison- Marbury one of Adam’s “midnight judges” sued Madison over his confirmation papers Marbury v. Madison- Marbury one of Adam’s “midnight judges” sued Madison over his confirmation papers Court’s decision set judicial precedent giving the Supreme Court power to decide whether laws passed by Congress are constitutional or not. This power of the Court is called Judicial Review Court’s decision set judicial precedent giving the Supreme Court power to decide whether laws passed by Congress are constitutional or not. This power of the Court is called Judicial Review

The Louisiana Purchase ► Pinckney’s Treaty – Spain agreed to let US ship goods down the Mississippi River and through the Port of New Orleans ► In 1800 Spain signed a treaty giving Louisiana back to France ► Jefferson feared French leader Napoleon Bonaparte was going to establish a French empire in North America ► Jefferson offered $10 million to France for the purchase of New Orleans and West Florida ► US buys the French Louisiana Territory for $15 million ► Due to his strict Constitutional views Jefferson questioned his right to buy land, decides it is OK

Lewis and Clark Expedition Jefferson asks Meriwether Lewis to head an expedition of the Louisiana Territory Lewis asks William Clark to go with him Jefferson instructs Lewis & Clark to: - map a route to the Pacific Ocean - study the geography of the territory - learn about the natives living in the territory and tell them “our wish to be neighborly, friendly and useful”

In May, 1804 the “Corp of Discovery” including, Lewis, Clark, & 50 men started up the Missouri River from St. Louis During the 1 st winter they stayed with the Mandan Tribe of North Dakota here they met Sacagawea Sacagawea was a Shoshone woman married to a French fur trader who agreed to accompany the “Corp of Discovery” as a translator

In the Rocky Mountains the Lewis & Clark expedition crossed the Continental Divide In the Rocky Mountains the Lewis & Clark expedition crossed the Continental Divide A Continental Divide is a mountain ridge what separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of the continent A Continental Divide is a mountain ridge what separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of the continent November 7, 1805 the Lewis & Clark Expedition reached the Pacific Ocean, their return trip took 1 year In 1806 Americans celebrated the return of the Lewis & Clark Expedition which brought back useful info on the Louisiana Purchase

Pike Explores the West Zebulon Pike explored the Arkansas River & territories of Colorado & New Mexico Zebulon Pike explored the Arkansas River & territories of Colorado & New Mexico Pike traveled into Spanish territory, is captured but he hid a map in the barrel of his gun Pike traveled into Spanish territory, is captured but he hid a map in the barrel of his gun Pike’s report on his expedition greatly expanded US knowledge of the Southwest Pike’s report on his expedition greatly expanded US knowledge of the Southwest By 1812 the population around New Orleans grew for the settlers to apply for statehood. By 1812 the population around New Orleans grew for the settlers to apply for statehood. In 1812 the state of Louisiana enters the Union In 1812 the state of Louisiana enters the Union

American Neutrality 1803 France & Great Britain again go to war Americans claim neutrality and profited by trading with both sides Neither France or Great Britain wanted the US to sell supplies to its enemy French seized US ships bound for England British needing sailors stopped American ships and impressed US sailors. –Impressment forced US sailors to serve on British ships Furious Americans call for war

Jefferson responds with the Embargo Act Jefferson hopes the embargo, or ban on trade would hurt France & Britain by cutting off needed supplies Jefferson persuades Congress to impose a total embargo on all foreign trade Embargo Act hurt France & Britain BUT it hurt the US more. US merchants turn to smuggling to sell their goods Jefferson asks Congress to replace the Embargo Act with the Nonintercourse Act The Nonintercourse Act allowed US merchants to trade with all nations except France & Great Britain 1808 James Madison is elected the 4 th President of the US

Conflict with Native Americans As white settlers moved west of the Appalachian Mountains they ignored treaties with the Native Americans and over hunted animals the natives depended on for food Tecumseh and his brother known as the Prophet organize natives in a confederation and build a village along the Tippecanoe River Governor William Henry Harrison defeats the Prophet and his followers at the Battle of Tippecanoe, US consider this a great victory, conflict with Native Americans continue

US & Britain move closer to war President Madison makes offer to France and Britain – if either country agrees to stop seizing American ships the US will halt trade with the other nation –France agrees so the US starts trade w/ France and stops trade w/ Great Britain –Members of Congress known as War Hawks call for the US to go to war with Great Britain –War Hawks stir up nationalism ( strong sense of devotion to ones country) claiming the British were treating the US as if they were still colonies Henry Clay from Kentucky was a leading War Hawk

War of 1812 June 1812 President Madison asks Congress to declare war on Britain US faced problems at the start of the war because Jefferson had cut the size of the army and navy, and the British had blockaded US ports Oliver Hazard Perry defeat British fleet on Lake Erie Tecumseh supporting British is defeated (& killed) at the Battle of the Thames Andrew Jackson leads American victories in South 1814 British march to Washington DC, set the White House on fire British move north to Baltimore which was defended by Fort McHenry Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner after the Battle of Ft McHenry Star Spangled Banner was set to music and is our national Anthem

Battle of New Orleans The victory of the Battle of New Orleans was led by Andrew Jackson The Battle of New Orleans was fought 2 weeks after the peace treaty was signed in Europe New Englanders protested the war and at the Hartford Convention threaten to leave the Union if the war continues

Peace Treaty Signed on December24,1814 in the city of Ghent, Belgium Treaty of Ghent agreed to restore prewar conditions New American heroes emerge ie: Andrew Jackson, Oliver Hazard Perry, William Henry Harrison Americans develop great national pride Europe treats US with more respect