Slide 1-1 Chapter 1 Terms Information Systems Overview Introduction to Information Systems Judith C. Simon

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Slide 1-3 Chapter 1 Terms Review ä ä Analog computer: hardware designed primarily for scientific uses, such as measurements ä ä Application program: instructions for specific purposes or business uses, such as letter writing or mathematical calculations ä ä Competitive advantage: an organization’s unique qualities that allow it to compete successfully with other organizations offering similar products or services

Slide 1-4 Chapter 1 Terms Review ä ä Data: raw facts that are collected ä ä Database: a group of related files ä ä Data/information flow: overall process of movement of data through an information system ä ä Digital computer hardware designed to use the digits 0 and 1 to store data and instructions

Slide 1-5 Chapter 1 Terms Review ä ä Feedback: appropriate communication related to performance of data/information flow process ä ä Field: an individual category or item of interest in a file ä ä File: a collection of fields and records

Slide 1-6 Chapter 1 Terms Review ä ä GIGO: acronym for “garbage in, garbage out,” meaning that the computer is no more accurate than the data provided to it by humans ä ä Hardware: equipment in a computer system, such as the processor and external (peripheral) items such as a keyboard, display screen, printer

Slide 1-7 Chapter 1 Terms Review ä ä Information: result after data is converted into something meaningful ä ä Information system (IS): components including IT, people, and procedures that work together to provide appropriate information in the proper format whenever needed; one business can have multiple information systems ä ä Information technology (IT): the combination of hardware, software, and data needed by an information system

Slide 1-8 Chapter 1 Terms Review ä ä Input: process of collecting data and entering it into the information system ä ä Knowledge: productive use of information ä ä Mainframe computer: large, high-capability computer designed for multiple users and requiring special personnel to operate and maintain it

Slide 1-9 Chapter 1 Terms Review ä ä Microcomputer: also called desktop computer, personal computer (PC), laptop, or notebook; designed as a single-user system, but groups of computers can be linked to share resources ä ä Minicomputer: multiple-user system designed with fewer capabilities and at a lower cost than a mainframe computer ä ä Multimedia: use of special forms of input or output, such as sound and animation

Slide 1-10 Chapter 1 Terms Review ä ä Operating system program: instructions for hardware operations or activities ä ä Output: results of processing that can be viewed by humans ä ä Procedures: the IS component that provides instructions to the people involved in the system ä ä Processing conversion of data into meaningful form (information)

Slide 1-11 Chapter 1 Terms Review ä ä Record: individual row in a file containing data about one person, place, or thing based on designated items of interest (fields) ä ä Software: instructions or programs for computer hardware ä ä Supercomputer: very high-capability, high-cost computer, used primarily for complex calculations such as those in research projects

Slide 1-12 Chapter 1 Terms Review ä ä System: related elements working together to achieve a goal ä ä Workstation: high-end (highest capability) desktop computer, sometimes considered as a separate category of computer

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