The Role of the Basal Ganglia in Habit Formation Week 10 Group 1 Amanda Ayoub Kindra Akridge Barbara Kim Alyona Koneva.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

The Autonomic Nervous System

Advertisements

University of Jordan1 Cortical Control of Motor Function- L18 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD.

Review: General Control Theory

Learning Unit 5. Topics in Learning Unit Defining Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Cognitive Learning.

Muscle Innervation & Motor Unit.

Neurology of Infant Attachment Group 1 – Week 9 Alyona Koneva Kindra Akridge Amanda Ayoub Kim, Barbara S.

BASAL NUCLEI (Basal Ganglia).

The Basal Ganglia Maryann Martone, Ph. D. NEU257 2/22/2011.

Basal Ganglia and Motor Control L21

Basal Ganglia Masses of gray matter found deep within the cortical white matter Masses of gray matter found deep within the cortical white matter Composed.

Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum and Movement

BASAL GANGLIA Prof. Ashraf Husain Basal Ganglia Structure. Functions. Metabolic features. Connections. Disorders.

The Nervous System A network of billions of nerve cells linked together in a highly organized fashion to form the rapid control center of the body. Functions.

Introduction to Neurobiology Lecture 2: “Structure of the Nervous System-Basic concept in neuroanatomy-”

How does the mind process all the information it receives?

Neural Control of Muscle. Quick Review: Spinal Cord Flexors Extensors.

Dementia. Definition Loss of function in multiple cognitive abilities Assuming the individual had normal abilities before the onset Many of the 70 recognized.

Physiology & Behavior Neurotransmission Jette Hannibal - Inthinking.

Motor System. Why is the Motor System Important? All observable behavior is directly related to activity in the motor system. Without the motor system,

Learning and Memory: Basic Mechanisms

Some Terminologies White matter : myelinated fibre tracts White matter : myelinated fibre tracts Gray matter : areas of neuronal cell bodies Gray matter.

The Basal Ganglia.

Pooya Pakarian Presentation based on:

Cortical vs. subcortical loops. Lateral inhibition in striatum.

LIMBIC SYSTEM NBIO 401 Robinson. Objectives: -1) Be able to describe the major inputs and outputs, function, and the consequences of lesions or electrical.

Making Things Happen - 2 Motor Disorders How Your Brain Works - Week 7 Dr. Jan Schnupp HowYourBrainWorks.net.

DESCENDING TRACTS. Fiber Types A Fibers: A Fibers: Somatic, myelinated. Alpha (α): Largest, also referred to as Type I. Beta (β): Also referred to as.

Physiology of big hemispheres. FUNCTIONS OF THE BASAL GANGLIA These ganglia perform essentially all the motor functions, even controlling the voluntary.

The Basal Ganglia. I.Functional anatomy A. Input and output components cerebral cortex  BG  thalamus (VA)  frontal lobe. B. Parallel circuits C. Neurotransmitters.

Neuroscience 1 Pause for thought: Probably 100 million neurones fire during skilled movements.

The Autonomic Nervous System Assess Prof. Fawzia Al-Rouq Department of Physiology College of Medicine King Saud University BASAL GANGLIA.

Michael S. Beauchamp, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX.

PhD MD MBBS Faculty of Medicine Al Maarefa Colleges of Science & Technology Faculty of Medicine Al Maarefa Colleges of Science & Technology Lecture – 9:

The Basal Ganglia (Lecture 6) Harry R. Erwin, PhD COMM2E University of Sunderland.

2217 – Motor system Somatic – striated muscle Autonomic – smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands Upper and lower motor neurons (final common path) Segmental.

Author(s): Peter Hitchcock, PH.D., 2009 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution–Non-commercial–Share.

BASAL GANGLIA Basal ganglia are subcorticle nuclei of grey matter located in the interior part of cerebrum near about base 3.

The role of the basal ganglia in habit formation Group 4 Youngjin Kang Zhiheng Zhou Baoyu Wang.

Chapter 16. Basal Ganglia Models for Autonomous Behavior Learning in Creating Brain-Like Intelligence, Sendhoff et al. Course: Robots Learning from Humans.

Since Last Discussion: XII: Experience and Critical Periods (aka, Plastics) XIII: Brain Diseases I XIV: Brain Diseases II XV: Genetics and Human Brains:

The Role of the Basal Ganglia in Habit Formation By Henry H. Yin & Barbara J. Knowlton Group 3, Week 10 Alicia Iafonaro Kimberly Villalva Tawni Voyles.

Sensory Processes Josée L. Jarry, Ph.D., C.Psych. Introduction to Psychology Department of Psychology University of Toronto May 28, 2003.

If behavior was dominated in the past by Hull’s S-R reinforcement paradigm, what paradigm is it dominated by today? There is a causal relationship between.

Memory 2 PSB The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory The Diencephalon and Memory Processing –Diencephalon: Brain regions associated with memory.

Unit Eleven: The Nervous System: C

Chapter 5 Learning. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Defining Learning Learning –a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs.

Basal Ganglia Principles of neural sciences 5 th ed. The human brain: an introduction to its functional anatomy 6 th ed. 林永煬國立陽明大學腦科學研究所.

Figure 18.1 Motor components of the human basal ganglia.

Gross Anatomy and CNS Organization; Neuroimaging Techniques March 31, 2011.

Basal Ganglia CD-ROM: Case II, The Shaky Carpenter

Extrapyramidal pathway

STRUCTURE AND CIRCUITS OF THE BASAL GANGLIA Rastislav Druga Inst. of Anatomy, 2nd Medical Faculty.

BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR. WHY DO PSYCHOLOGISTS STUDY THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? The nervous system is the direct source of all behavior The nervous system is shaped.

Brain Mechanisms of Movement Lecture 19. Hierarchical Control of Movement n Association cortices & Basal Ganglia l strategy : goals & planning l based.

Nucleus Accumbens An Introductory Guide.

Learned Behavior A.4. Learned behavior develops as result of experience Describe what a learned behavior is. a. New patterns of behavior acquired as a.

Introduction to Neurobiology Lecture 2: “Structure of the Nervous System; Basic concept in neuroanatomy” 1.

Organization of Neural Structures Involved in the Control of Movement

Zhejiang University Ling Shucai

Organization of Neural Structures Involved in the Control of Movement

Basal ganglia function

Basal Ganglia Made by : dani mamo.

Basal Ganglia April 28, 2019 basal ganglia.

Theofanis Karayannis, Gordon Fishell Cell Stem Cell

Circuitry of self-control and its role in reducing addiction

Anatomy of the basal ganglia

BASAL NUCLEI. BASAL NUCLEI Basal Ganglia Functions Compare proprioceptive information and movement commands. Sequence movements. Regulate muscle tone.

Presentation transcript:

The Role of the Basal Ganglia in Habit Formation Week 10 Group 1 Amanda Ayoub Kindra Akridge Barbara Kim Alyona Koneva

Explain the difference between a goal directed action and a habit, and provide a couple of your own examples of each A goal directed behavior is when you are doing something for a result A habit is done without regard for the consequence but done as a reflex Nail biting, smoking, brushing teeth, etc

2.What is meant in the article by “levels of analysis” and how will it shape this article? The Levels of Analysis are the different levels at which we examine the application of intentional actions. These levels include: molecular, cellular, neuronal circuitry, brain structures, and behaviors. This type of analysis specifically looks for the circuitry and structures that allows behavior to be intentional, purposeful, and to exude a specific outcome. These levels also shape this article because they allow us to examine the neural basis of intentional action/habit formation, instead of interpreting all behavior through the viewpoint of a certain S-R (stimulus-response)

3. Show us the Basal Ganglia, and discuss neurotransmitters and their functions …

3. Show us the Basal Ganglia, and discuss neurotransmitters and their functions … The following diagrams show 2 coronal slices that have been superimposed to include the involved basal ganglia structures.

Dopaminergic pathway leads to GABAergic (disinhibitory) direct pathway Inhibitory GABA- containing projection neurons

3. Show us…The main components of the basal ganglia are the striatum, which consist of the caudate nucleus and the putamen, and the globus pallidus. The largest component, the striatum, receives input from many brain areas but sends output only to other components of the basal ganglia. The pallidum receives its most important input from the striatum (either directly or indirectly), and sends inhibitory output to a number of motor-related areas, including the part of the thalamus that projects to the motor-related areas of the cortex. StriatumPallidum (inside)

4. Show us the kinds of cells in the Basal Ganglia and their behavior…. (A) shows an aspiny neuron which belongs to the pallidum or the output nucleus. (B) shows a spiny neuron - spiny neurons are found in the striatum or the input nucleus.

5. …and connections of the Basal Ganglia with other brain regions… The striatum is the major input nucleus of the BG and receives massive input from most of the cortex and the intralaminar areas of the thalamus Output to both segments of the globuspallidus(GP) & the substantianigra pars reticulata(SNr)

6. It seems like the basal ganglia do two things, one involving steps using inhibition and (tonic) excitation to cause actions to happen, and one that inhibits actions. outcome and antecedal The disinhibitory pathway is the most basic direct pathway The indirect pathway: inhibitory control.

What is instrumental behavior? Instrumental behavior occurs whenever an outcome is contingent on a response. Instrumental behaviors differs from reflexes and fixed action patterns, which are not controlled by the contingency between behavior and its consequences.

Lesions to the basal ganglia (particularly the striatum) disrupt “instrumentality” of actions. Animals that were tested could no longer perform or acquire actions in order to earn specific rewards or avoid aversive stimuli. What’s the point of running the maze anyways?

8. What impact did early theories about instrumental learning have on discovering the nature of basal ganglia function? Previously, the dominant paradigm was S-R: all behavior was elicited by some antecedent stimuli from the external environment. Intentionality, expectancy and internal representation were considered “unscientific.” This paradigm dismissed the obvious option that behavior can be goal directed. It limited the thinking about behavior for a long time. Basically, it prevented the questions from even being asked. So, the dominant paradigm slowed the discovery of a model for intentional behavior by understanding the functions of the basal ganglia.