1 Bio 101 Laboratory 9 Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

2 Objectives of Lab Become familiar with the bones and structures of the –Pelvis (Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis) –Lower Limb (Femur, Tibia, and Fibula) –Foot (Tarsals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges) Be able to recognize the skeletal structures listed on your Laboratory Guide handout, Exercise 8 & 9 (Ilium through Phalanges of Foot)

3 Landmarks of Bones Spine – A pointed process/ridge Trochanter – A large rough projection (larger than either a tubercle or tuberosity) Crest – Prominent ridge

4 Skeletal Organization

5 Pelvis Pelvis = Ossa Coxae (hip bones) + Sacrum + Coccyx (Anterior) (Posterior) Singular: Os Coxa (Also: inominate)

6 Bones of the Pelvis (Medial view of right coxa) (Lateral view of right coxa)

7 Bones of the Pelvis * * * Ischial Spine

8 Bones of the Pelvis Ischial Spine

9 Divisions of the Pelvis Pubic crest

10 Male-Female Pelvic Differences 1. Iliac bones are more flared in the female; hips are broader 2. Pubic angle is greater in the female pelvis 3. Greater distance between the ischial spines in the female pelvis 4. Broader, flatter pelvis in females; wider, more circular pelvic inlet 5. Less projection of sacrum and coccyx into the pelvic outlet in the female pelvis Male Female See Table 11.1 in Marieb’s Laboratory Manual

11 The Lower Limbs

12 The Femur (notch) Anterior Posterior (Right leg)

13 The Tibia and Fibula Right leg, Anterior TIBia = Thicker Inner BoneFibuLA is LAteral

14 Bones of the Foot Right foot, superior view Medial Lateral

15 Bones of the Foot Right foot, medial view Head of metatarsals = ball of foot

16 Bones of the Foot Right foot, superior view Tall Californian Navy Medical Interns Like Cuban cigars (Medial to lateral) Note: You may have to identify the tarsal, metatarsal, or phalangeal bones for the lab exam.

17 What you should do in lab today… Marieb’s Laboratory Manual –Review Exercise 10 for pelvis (if you haven’t done this already) Handle the bones listed in your Laboratory Guide. Use your labeled figures as guides to the names of the bones and structures REVIEW previously seen bones for the lab exam 2 next week.

18 What you should be able to do after lab today… Know the names of, and be able to recognize, ALL the bones and structures we covered in the last three labs (listed on Laboratory Guide checklists) **Remember, you should be able to recognize and distinguish disarticulated bones based on their unique characteristics!!

19 Lab Exam 2 There will be 24 stations, about 50 questions, on the lab exam Some disarticulated bones, and some bones attached to skeleton. Remember, look for the characteristics and markings of the bone in order to distinguish one bone from another THINK in terms of ‘lateral’ and ‘medial’ rather than ‘right’ and ‘left’ to avoid getting confused about bone landmarks. Proceed SLOWLY! You should also know the 5 differences between the male and female pelvis

20 For the next regular lab… For Skeletal Muscles Labs (11 & 12) –Read Exercises 12 &13 in Marieb’s Lab Manual Familiarize yourself with the histology of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle in Mastering A&P: Histology: Muscle –Read the Laboratory Guide handout for Exercise 11. THIS IS IMPORTANT!!!! –Read first part of Dissection Exercise 1 in Marieb’s Lab Manual. You will begin dissecting the cat in this lab and finish in lab 12. Don’t forget to bring: Dissecting kits, gloves, and safety glasses! You will be using these throughout A&P II as well.