Advanced Controls and Sensors David G. Hansen

Advanced Controls and Sensors Planning Process

● Commissioned 4 “White Papers” as background information ●Sensors and Controls ●Networks, Security, Protocols and Standards ●Current Applications and Strategies for New Applications ●Market Assessment ● Four papers combined into one document (with duplications removed) and sent out to experts from private sector, academia and government prior to workshop attendance. ● Additional presentation at workshop on Distributed Energy & Grid issues ● Issues reviewed at workshop, with discussion and additional recommendations made by break-out groups for DOE planning initiative ● Additional input from workshop and follow-on meetings added to combined white paper, resulting in main information document for planning decisions

● Gant chart constructed based on information gathered to clearly show: ●Logical progression ●Developmental links and interdependence (Internal & External) ●Time constraints due to the above 2 issues as well as the estimated time required to complete each task ● Became evident that a better conceptual framework was required to organize the information coming out of both the workshop and the planning process

Advanced Controls and Sensors Conceptual Framework

PROGRAM CONCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION Building Software Applications Networking Hardware Decision and Control Continuous Commissioning Automated Diagnostics Simulation Prediction Performance Monitoring Fire Suppression Safety & Security Other Sensors Controls Actuators HVAC Standards and Protocols Lights Weather Data Grid Safety & Security Distributed Generation Hardware ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEMS A/E DESIGN HURDLES EDUCATION INFO FEEDBACK

Decision and Control Consists of all logic, simulation tools, and control systems. Draws data from sensors through the network. Is implemented through controls and actuators activated through the network. The network consists of both the physical interconnections as well as communication protocols. Equipment Simulation Automated Diagnostics Continuous Commissioning Performance Monitoring Sensors, Controls, Networks Optimal Control Fault Detection Predictive Maintenance

Performance Monitoring Collects data –Building and equipment loads –Energy usage –Service levels Compares simulation with “actual” performance Includes Fault Detection –Initially “rules” based, later will compare predicted energy usage with actual energy usage –Declares faults when difference exceeds set levels Equipment Simulation Loads Services Energy Performance Monitoring Fault Detection

Equipment Simulation Mathematical algorithms –Generic mathematical descriptions of physical equipment and interactions Scalable –To address large set of building types Interchangeable components –allow description of a wide range of actual equipment Prediction –Requires real-time simulation of equipment operation under changing conditions Equipment Simulation Loads Services Energy Performance Monitoring Fault Detection

Continuous Commissioning Automated Diagnostics –Responds to detected faults with corrective actions or suggestions for corrective actions. Predictive Maintenance –Compares actual and simulated operating data to suggest O&M activities.

Optimal Control Uses external signals in combination with simulations to create dispatch schedules for equipment operation to: –Reduce Energy Use –Reduce Peak Demand –Interact with and aid on safety and security demands –Make decisions on “best use” of Distributed Energy and stored energy Weather Data Grid Safety & Security Distributed Generation

Commercial Buildings Building Energy End Uses Largely Untapped Potential (i.e. 16 x.30 = 4.8 quads)

ALSO: Peak Demand Reduction (Simplified explanation) We can’t continue to ignore it. If energy consumption is reduced and the peak demand is not affected, the utility companies will be selling less electricity, but will have the same expenses to pay for their generating equipment To meet expenses, the utility companies must raise their rates Peak demand reduction capability responds directly to EERE Strategic Goal # 2 ADDED VALUE

Physical Structures and Systems (PS&S) Interagency Working Group (IWG) Supports both: (OSTP) Committee on Technology and Committee on Homeland & National Security Discussions on improving power grid reliability through: “Demand Side Management” (EERE Strategic Goal # 4) If controls have the capability to recognize and respond to “real time” electric prices, then they can also respond to a grid stress signal and respond in the same pre- determined way to reduce demand and also avoid “cold restart” problems by reversing the step down strategy. ADDED VALUE

Potential Areas of DOE Involvement Collaboration Industry Interstitial Enabling and Coordination Void Space Technologies IUCRC’s System/Subsystem Interaction (Algorithms) Overall Planning and Coordination PS&S I.W.G. Baseline and Benchmarking Master Controls Advanced Sensors Open Protocols Hand Off to E.T. Leapfrog/High Risk Technology Demand Response Research Center Predictive Controls Advanced Operational Strategies Performance Monitoring Fault Detection & Automated Diagnostics Predictive Maintenance Synthesis, Feedback and Public Information