The New Nation Review Game

What Act was passed by George Washington and Congress to address the question of what would happen if federal court decisions conflicted with state laws? The Judiciary Act of 1789 set up the Supreme Court of a chief justice and 5 associate justices

What term means the POTUS’ chief advisers? Cabinet

Who did Washington appoint as his cabinet members and what cabinet positions did they occupy? Alexander Hamilton (Sec. of Treasury), Thomas Jefferson (Sec. of State), and Henry Knox (Sec of War)

Which of Washington’s cabinet members (Hamilton or Jefferson)believed in the following?: Strong central government Republic of well-educated wealthy elite (modeled after Britain) National Bank is constitutional Loose interpretation of Constitution Alexander Hamilton

What clause in the U.S. Constitution did Hamilton and Congress justify their creation of the National Bank? They used the Elastic Clause of the U.S. Constitution which gave Congress the authority to do whatever is “necessary and proper” to carry out its enumerated powers

In order to get support from Southerners like Jefferson and Madison for his debt plan (ie. The National Bank) what did Hamilton suggest as a compromise? Move the nation’s capital from New York to a city in the South, which became known as Washington D.C.

What two parties were created because of the feuding between Hamilton and Jefferson? The Democratic- Republicans (Jefferson) and the Federalists (Hamilton)

What caused the Whiskey Rebellion? (Two points) The excise tax on a product’s manufacture, sale, and distribution made Whiskey producers angry. They refused to pay the tax and beat up federal marshals, even threatened to secede.

What did Washington decide to do when the French Revolution broke out and the French expected the U.S. to help them? Remain neutral since it was not in the new nation’s best interest to get tangled in foreign wars.

What treaty resulted in in Spain giving up all its claims east of the Mississippi River (except Florida), opened up the river and the port of New Orleans to U.S. citizens? Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795

What did Hamilton and Madison have to promise antifederalists Southerners who were afraid of a strong central government and the return of tyranny in order to get them to ratify the Constitution? A Bill of Rights

What “Ordinance” established the procedures for dividing land into new territories and the admission of new states? The Northwest Land Ordinance of 1787 (Land Ordinance of 1785 established a plan for surveying land)

What Treaty was signed as a result of the Battle of Fallen Timbers? Jay’s Treaty-British agreed to leave their posts in the Northwest Territory along the Canadian Border

What is sectionalism? Placing the good of one’s region over the interests of the nation as a whole-Election of 1796 was an indication of this as almost all Southern votes went to Jefferson, and all votes in the North to Adams.

What was the diplomatic blunder called where the low-level French officials demanded $250,000 for the American envoy to see the foreign minister when they arrived in France? “X,Y,Z Affair”-caused a lot of anti-French sentiment to the extent that many were willing to volunteer for war.

What did John Adams push through Congress in order to counter what was perceived to be a growing threat from foreigners against the government? The Alien and Sedition Act- was a major infringement on 1 st Amendment rights and jailed many Democratic-Republicans for their outspoken opposition to Adams’ policies

In response to the Alien and Sedition Act, Jefferson and Madison wrote the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, which asserted what important principle? Nullification

Who was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and was responsible for several important rulings which helped strengthen the federal government? John Marshall

What happened during Jefferson’s Presidency that nearly doubled the size of the United States overnight? The Louisiana Purchase

What country did we buy the Louisiana Purchase territory from? France

What important aspect of the Louisiana Purchase did Jefferson question and worry about? Its Constitutionality

Who did Jefferson choose to lead an expedition through the newly acquired Louisiana Territory? Lewis and Clark

On the last day of John Adams’ administration, he appointed several federalist judges to increase federalist influence in the Supreme Court. What were these appointments known as? Midnight judges-after the Judiciary Act of 1801 increased number of judges in supreme court, Adams tried to fill them all with federalists

What famous Supreme Court case established the principle of “judicial review”? Marbury v. Madison

What is judicial review? The ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.

Who was President during the War of 1812? James Madison

Name three causes for the War of 1812? The British blockade, British impressment of U.S. sailors, British supplying weapons to hostile Native American tribes.

Who were the “warhawks”? John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay argued heavily in favor of going to war against Great Britain.

What was the Battle that took place after the end of the war that made Andrew Jackson a war hero? Battle of New Orleans

What ended the War of 1812, but did not address impressment or neutral shipping rights? The Treaty of Ghent

Who was President during the “Era of Good Feelings”? James Monroe