SECTION 3 P Chapter 4

Bio Review Cells – the smallest unit of biological organization

Components of the Cell Nucleus: membrane-enclosed organelle that holds the cells DNA

Components of the Cell Cell Wall - tough, flexible but fairly rigid layer that surrounds the cell

Six Kingdoms of Life

1. Archaebacteria  Arch – earlier or original  Found in harsh environments  Bacteria - Microscopic, single celled organisms that reproduce by cell division  Characteristics:  Prokaryotic – lack nucleus  Have a Cell wall Example: Methanogens- live in swamps and produce methane gas

Six Kingdoms of Life 2. Eubacteria  Eu – good, well, or true  Found in soil and animals  Bacteria - Microscopic, single celled organisms that reproduce by cell division  Characteristics:  Prokaryotic – lack nucleus  Have a Cell wall Examples: E. Coli, cyanobacteria,

Six Kingdoms of Life 3. Fungi  An organism whose cells have nuclei, cell walls, and NO chlorophyll  Chlorophyll makes plants green  Huge network of threads  Absorb food from their surroundings  Characteristics:  Eukaryotic– have nucleus Eu – true Have a “true” membrane bound nucleus  Have a Cell wall EXAMPLES: Mushrooms, athlete’s foot

Fungi

Six Kingdoms of Life 4. Protists  The organisms that do not fit into the other kingdoms. Most are one celled  Their cells have nuclei – some have cell walls  Most important protist is algae  Algae – plantlike protists that can make their own food using the sun’s energy  Ex. Pond “scum” Seaweed Phytoplankton

Six Kingdoms of Life 5. Plants  Many celled organisms that make their own food using the sun’s energy and have cell walls and nuclei  Immobile  Three main types: 1. Lower Plants – small plants 1. Ex. Mosses and ferns

Six Kingdoms of Life 5. Plants  Three main types: 2. Gymnosperms – woody plants whose seeds are NOT enclosed in fruits Can live in drier conditions Ex. Conifers (cone bearing plants)

Six Kingdoms of Life 5. Plants  Three main types: 3. Angiosperms – flowering plants that produce seeds and fruit Ex. Wheat, orange trees, Dogwood tree

Six Kingdoms of Life 6. Animals  Can not make their own food  Their cells have nuclei and contain no cell walls

Six Kingdoms of Life Two types: 1. Invertebrates – animals that lack backbones Ex. Squid, worm, insects, coral There are more insects on earth than any other type of animal! 25 ft giant squid 3000 ft underwater

Six Kingdoms of Life 6. Animals  Two types: 1. Vertebrates – animals that have backbones Ex. cats, fish, reptiles, birds, humans