Memory Processing Encoding and Retrieving Memories

Hippocampus Neural center in the limbic system, and is significant toward storing and retrieving memories. Role is to more temporarily store elements of memories, then they are stored elsewhere - many regions of the brain are active during all steps of memory processing.

Putting Information In Some information is automatically processed, other information we have to work hard to put in. Because the brain parallel processes we don’t have to think about it, but we automatically process information about space, time, and frequency. Also with practice we process information much easier - think reading or video games. Some information is automatically processed, other information we have to work hard to put in. Because the brain parallel processes we don’t have to think about it, but we automatically process information about space, time, and frequency. Also with practice we process information much easier - think reading or video games.

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Effortful Processing Process information through thought and effort. Rehearsal - conscious repetition helps remember, and takes less time to re-learn (spreading out rehearsal leads to better long- term memory!) Serial Position Effect

Encoding Meaning We tend to not remember exactly what happened, we remember what we encoded. Which is best: –Visual encoding of images? –Acoustic encoding of sounds? –Semantic encoding of meaning We tend to not remember exactly what happened, we remember what we encoded. Which is best: –Visual encoding of images? –Acoustic encoding of sounds? –Semantic encoding of meaning

chair

Was the word in capital letters?

BRAIN

Does the word rhyme with train?

gun

Would the word fit into this sentence: The girl had a ____ in her hand. Would the word fit into this sentence: The girl had a ____ in her hand.

When we apply meaning - memory comes easier. The procedure is actually quite simple. First you arrange things into different groups. Of course, one pile may be sufficient depending on how much there is to do…After the procedure is completed one arranges the materials into different groups again. Then they can be put into their appropriate places.

Visual Encoding Often we can recall our life through snapshots - best and worst moments. Mnemonic devices - associate an image or acoustic to remember. Often we can recall our life through snapshots - best and worst moments. Mnemonic devices - associate an image or acoustic to remember.

Organizing Information Chunking - grouping information to make recall easier. Kings Play Chess On Flat Green Spaces

Retrieval - Getting Info Out Memory is not just about recall, but also about recognizing and speed of re-learning. –Recall: retrieving specific info that was learned earlier. –Recognition: identify info that was previously learned (can only recall when supported by cues). Memory is not just about recall, but also about recognizing and speed of re-learning. –Recall: retrieving specific info that was learned earlier. –Recognition: identify info that was previously learned (can only recall when supported by cues).

Retrieval Cues We cannot recall everything, so we use cues to help us remember. ROY G BIV FOIL How do you remember computer passwords? We cannot recall everything, so we use cues to help us remember. ROY G BIV FOIL How do you remember computer passwords?

Context Cues We are more likely to recall info if we are in the same context as when it was processed. Similar with moods/emotions. We have different types of memory, so we can use episodic cues to help our recall of semantic memories (think Mean Girls). We are more likely to recall info if we are in the same context as when it was processed. Similar with moods/emotions. We have different types of memory, so we can use episodic cues to help our recall of semantic memories (think Mean Girls).