1. Unit 9 Memory
Day 1

2. STOP & QUIETLY WAIT FOR THE ANSWERS.
DO THIS ACTIVITY ON YOUR OWN
(no help from your neighbors!)
& SILENTLY.
Quickly! Name as many of the Seven Dwarfs as you can in the next two minutes. Be sure to provide seven names. Guess even if you’re sure you aren’t right. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
STOP & QUIETLY WAIT FOR THE ANSWERS.

4. Memory
Memory: persistence of learning over time via the storage and retrieval of information.
Gives us our sense of self and connects us to past experiences.

5. Memory and its 3 parts
Encoding: The process of putting things into storage
Storage: Short term and Long term (hippocampus and association areas)
Retrieval: The process of bringing a memory to one’s consciousness

6. Sensory Memory Long Term Memory Retrieval Short Term Memory
-Recall vs Recognition
-Serial Position Effect
-Forgetting Curve
Sensory Memory
-Iconic memory (.10 sec)
-Echoic memory(3-4 sec)
Short Term Memory
-7+/- 2 items
-Working memory
Long Term Memory
-Unlimited
-Explicit vs Implicit
-Flashbulb, episodic, and semantic
Encoding
Encoding
Selective Attention
Semantic encoding
Visual encoding
Acoustic encoding
Mnemonics
Elaborate rehearsal
Chunking

7. The Beginnings of a Memory
To become a memory, information must first be registered in sensory memory –
Stimuli must stand out and be selected for further processing
Two examples of sensory memory:
Iconic Memory (visual stimuli)- stays for tenths of seconds then refreshes
Echoic Memory (auditory stimuli)- stays for 3-4 seconds then refreshes
Sensory memory is difficult to measure because of how quickly it refreshes

8. George Sperling’s Experiment to Measure iconic memory
please visually select your attention on the following letters

10. Write down what you remember

11. **REMEMBER
Sensory memories disappear unless you focus your selective attention on the information.
Attention causes information to be further processed.

12. Initial Encoding
Occurs as soon as one selects attention on a stimulus
**Initial**Encoding:
The process of taking the selected stimulus and putting it into short term memory (via creating original neural connections)
neural connection will dissipate after 20 minutes if not reused.

13. 3 Ways we Encode with Selective attention
1.Semantic Encoding:
Selecting attention on meaning and creating neural connections
yields best memory.
2. Visual Encoding:
Selecting attention on appearance and creating neural connections
3. Acoustic Encoding:
Selecting attention on sounds of words and creating neural connections
least effective.

14. Try to remember these numbers:

15. that you correctly memorized all 31 numbers?
How confident are you
that you correctly memorized all 31 numbers?

16. Now, try to remember these numbers:
1492
1776
1861
1914
1963
2001

17. Which was easier?
WHY?

18. Acoustic encoding
Let’s take a listen

19. Automatic vs Effortful Encoding
Automatic Encoding
unconscious encoding of incidental information
space
time
frequency
well-learned information
Ex/word meanings
Parallel processing
Ex/ reading backwards

20. Automatic Encoding example
Reading backwards requires effort at first but after practice becomes automatic.
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Automatic processing allows us to do multiple things at once and re-illustrates the concept of parallel processing
Our ability to consciously process several things at once, thus creating a whole

21. Automatic vs Effortful Encoding
type of encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
Ex: Learning new vocabulary terms, memorizing historical events/chronology, etc.
Can become automatic with repetition
Any examples?

22. Effortful Encoding Example
maintenance rehearsal:
simple repetition of information in consciousness OR
ex/ rehearsing your neurotransmitters
elaborate rehearsal:
processing of information for meaning (semantics) which can more easily help produce long term memories
Coming up with real world examples in your vocab notebook