Section 1- The Renaissance The Crusades- Series of expeditions from 1000’s-1200’s ◦Western Europeans (Christians) tried to capture Holy Lands from Muslims ◦Open trade routes link Europe to southwest Asia, North Africa  Europeans rediscover ideas of ancient Greece, Rome ◦Interest in ancient world sparks the Renaissance  Cultural era of creativity, learning from 1300’s- 1500’s

Italian City States ◦ Renaissance begins on Italian Peninsula in mid-1300’s ◦ Peninsula is divided into independent city-states  Florence is the center of banking, trade, manufacturing ◦ Cities grow, money comes from commerce not land A Changing View of the World ◦ Rich build large, luxurious homes, have good food, clothes, jewels, and prosper  Emphasize on education, arts ◦ Rich citizens become patrons (people who support the arts) trying to find the best artists ◦ Artists create religious and historical paintings and portraits

 Learning and the Arts Flourish Leonardo da Vinci- famous artist, scientist  Painted the Mona Lisa, The Last Supper Skilled engineer, scientist, inventor  Fills notebooks full of invention sketches  Had ideas of flying machines, parachutes, submarines  The Northern Renaissance Renaissance spreads into Northern Europe Erasmus, a philosopher, makes fun of the church William Shakespeare- an English playwright in late 1500’s, creates popular plays like Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth

 The Reformation- Martin Luther Some Northern Renaissance views conflict with Roman Catholic Church  Leads to the Reformation- 1500’s movement to change church practices German Monk Martin Luther became disturbed by the church’s wealth, and corruption He opposes selling of indulgences- forgiving sins for money In 1517 he attacks the church in 95 theses (statements of belief) He is excommunicated- cast out of church, goes into hiding.

 A Conflict Over Religious Beliefs