The First English Colonies are PLANTED Lecture 2 APUSH The Plantation Colonies Elizabeth I “The Virgin Queen” 1.Religious and personal ambition Henry VIII and Anglican church 2.Spain falters (Armada defeated) 3.England’s golden age 4.Primogeniture and Pirates!

Why England? Spanish Santa Fe 1610 French Quebec 1608 English Jamestown 1607 When you are asked why, your answer will be a thesis (AKA…Analysis!!) Also in US history, someone has already come up with a theory for these questions, so usually your task is to know the possible answers and to evaluate those possibilities—rank, decide and support. 1.Religious and personal ambition (Henry VIII and Anglican church) 2.Spain falters (Armada defeated) 3.England’s golden age 4.Primogeniture and Pirates!

Why England? 1.Oh Henry! Henry VIII wants a son…doesn’t get one so…

The Anglican Church of England is formed! Henry VIII makes himself head of the Church of England, grants himself a divorce and the Protestant/Catholic conflict in England begins Background: 1517 Protestant Reformation in Wittenburg begins with Martin Luther and the 95 theses John Calvin-French theologian--HUGE influence in American culture John Knox-Presbyterians in Scotland

Elizabeth I BRITISH News flash! This is not a boy!!

Spanish Armada (1588)

The Golden Age of English Literature and the English Renaissance Shakespeare Confidence! Adventure—Laws of Primogeniture dictate that oldest sons inherit property, so what’s a second son to do? Walter Raleigh? Francis Drake?

After a couple of false starts Roanoke 1587 The Lost Colony Sir Walter Raleigh came with supplies 3 years later…but this was the only clue

JamestownJamestown 1607 John Smith Powhatan Pocahontas “He who does not work, shall not eat!”

New Opportunities ► A recession in the 1590’s = desperate people ► Get rich quick w/ the Virginia Company (1606) ► Settles at Jamestown on the James River (5/24/1607)

Jamestown Settlement Susan Constant Discovery Godspeed

Jamestown Settlement

There was no talk…but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold… Captain John Smith The right man for the job?

The Starving Time POPULATION:  1607: 104 colonists  By spring, 1608: 38 survived  1609: 300 more immigrants  By spring, 1610: 60 survived  1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants  1624 population: 1,200  Adult life expectancy: 40 years  Death of children before age 5: 80%

Who saves the day???? Lord De La Warr ► Resupplies colony in 1610 ► Brings military into colony ► Starts war with Powhatan Tribe ► Leads to the crown taking over the colony in 1624 (House of Burgesses, 1619)

Implications for Native Americans? Disease Disorganization Disposability The 3 D’s Survival means adaptation: -Lakota Sioux migrate and use horses -Catawba nation formed from survivors of 3 D’s -Algonquians trade

Powhatan Tribe Gone by 1685

What finally made the colony prosperous?? John Rolfe Tobacco! Virginia’s gold and silver. John Rolfe, 1612

— Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

Jamestown Colonization Pattern: Large plantations [>100 acres].Large plantations [>100 acres]. Widely spread apart [>5 miles].Widely spread apart [>5 miles]. Social/Economic PROBLEMS???

Headright System:  Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose passage they paid Indenture Contract:  5-7 years.  Promised “freedom dues” [land, $]  Forbidden to marry.  : only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts! Indentured Servitude

Population of Virginia st slave ship arrives off coast. Start of Slavery in plantation colonies

Maryland! Founded in 1634 by Lord BaltimoreFounded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore Catholic Refuge (Toleration Act, 1649)Catholic Refuge (Toleration Act, 1649)

1660s – 1730s The Carolinas & Georgia. Planters & yeomen farmers from VA or the Sugar Islands. Note the “king” names… Debtors & other petty criminals. Indigo and Rice top crops The Carolinas and Georgia

Summary: The Plantation Colonies similarities (Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina, Georgia) 1.Export of agricultural crops- sugar, rice, tobacco 2.Slavery 3.Aristocrats have the political power (e.g.House of Burgesses) and economic power in plantations ($$) 4.Slow growth of cities and education