Objective – Students will be able to answer questions regarding the U.S. Presidency SECTION 1 Chapter 13- The Presidency © 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.

Obama Are individual personalities now more important than parties? American Government

Bush Can the President control public discussion? American Government

Clinton, Reagan, Nixon Does a president have to be “moral” in order to be a good president? American Government

Nixon Do Americans need a President to have trustworthy character? American Government

Eisenhower Must the modern President always be involved in everything or have a solution for everything? American Government

FDR Does a lot of action and policy creation make a President “great”? Can a President be “great” if not much is changed during their Presidency? American Government

Constitutional Requirements Qualifications Art. II “natural-born citizen” 14 years of US residency 35 years of age THAT’S IT!!! American Government

Constitutional Powers Powers/duties are very limited “executive power” – enact/enforce law 1.Military Power 2.Diplomatic Power 3.Appointment Power 4.Veto Power American Government

Military Power Commander in Chief (civilian control) Prez can send armed forces abroad –Congress has not declared war since 12/8/1941 –Korea, Vietnam, Iraq? – all Constitutional War Powers Resolution, 1973 –Prez must report to Congress within 48 hours after deployment –If Congress does not OK in 60 days, must withdraw –Check on president, attempt to limit president American Government

Diplomatic Power Create treaties with foreign nations with Senate permission, 2/3 Senate approval (advice and consent) Executive agreement – not permission needed, deal between heads of state, not binding to next administration Diplomatic Recognition – power to officially recognize foreign gov as legit –Ex – USSR not recognized –Ex s – China not recognized American Government

Appointment Power Power to appoint ambassadors, public officers, and Supreme Court Judges with Senate approval (advice and consent) Civil Service – most gov jobs under executive filled based on merit system John Roberts Susan Rice American Government

Veto Power Veto – return the bill to house it originated (no action within 10 days – bill becomes law) American Government

Strengthening the Presidency Washington – set precedent for future Jackson – frequent use of veto power Lincoln – Commander and Chief to new levels of power during the Civil War FDR – huge influence on policy with New Deal, checked by Supreme Court American Government

Executive privilege The right to privacy of conversation between advisors and prez Why? 1.Separation of powers prevents branches from sharing internal workings 2.Privacy is needed for candid advice from advisors with out political pressure American Government

Executive Privilege US v. Nixon -Nixon refused to hand over recorded conversations, claiming Exec. Privilege -Court ruled in favor of US -EP can’t be used to block the function of the federal court procedures American Government

Impoundment Presidential practice of refusing to spend money appropriated by Congress. Budget Reform and Impoundment Act of 1974 – president must spend funds American Government

The President as Morale Builder Symbolic importance (FDR – Great Depression, Bush – 9/11) Unify nation American Government

Agenda Setting The President can control public policy and discussion through… The media State of the Union speech Make policy proposals Encourage the Congress American Government

Executive Orders Prez issues executive orders that have force of law Ex – power to enforce the Constitution, treaties, laws, etc. –FDR – allowed Japanese internment –Truman – integrate military –Eisenhower – desegregate public schools American Government

Line-Item Veto??? Should the President be able to veto certain parts of a bill, and not other parts? Line-Item Veto Act 1996 Clinton v. City of New York (1997) – law found unconstitutional American Government

Gridlock Divided government – Prez and Congress majority represent different political parties “gridlock” – the inability to accomplish goals –Con – government operation shuts down –Pro – slows the decision making process, example of check and balance American Government

Vice President Preside over the Senate, tie breaking vote Takes over the presidency if the President cannot finish term 12 th Amendment – voters choose President and VP together –Previous to 1804, the losing candidate became VP American Government

White House Office “Pyramid” model – assistants answer to a hierarchy up to a chief of staff (few top advisors to prez, prez free but isolated) “Circular” model – direct contact with staff (many top advisors to prez, prez busy but connected) Significance: determines what aids have the most influence on presidential decisions American Government

Executive Office of the President National Security Council – advises on military and foreign policy Office of Management and Budget – prepares national budget, largest office National Economic Council – advises with economic planning American Government

The Cabinet 15 major department heads advising prez “Inner cabinet” – Secretary of State, treasury, attorney general, and defense John Kerry– Secretary of State Chuck Hagel– Secretary of Defense American Government

Presidential Disability and Succession 22 nd Amendment – limited President to 2 terms, serving no more than 10 years 25 th Amendment – If the VP office is vacated, then the President can select a new VP American Government

Impeachment House impeaches, Senate tries the prez, Chief Justice presides over the trial Two presidents impeached, neither removed (Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton) American Government

Section Assessment 1.Describe the four major powers held by the President. 2. Describe the process by which someone can be impeached.

Summary: In a paragraph, describe what you have learned today.