John m. Murrin, et al. Liberty, Equality, Power A History of the American People Chapter 21 Progressivism

Origins – Greenback Labor Party, Populists Ideology – mainstream reform which saw government as a means by which to improve the lives of citizens RepublicansDemocrats Progressives Progressivism

Goals Return government to the people Curb the trusts Correct social injustices

Muckrakers Journalists who exposed corruption in the early 1900s. Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives

Muckrakers Lincoln Steffans – The Shame of the Cities

Muckrakers Ida Tarbell – History of the Standard Oil Company

Muckrakers Ray Stannard Baker – Following the Color Line

Muckrakers Upton Sinclair – The Jungle

Settlement Houses Jane Addams & Hull House Chicago’s Intellectual Character

Socialists Eugene V. Debs Labor Unions Immigrants Utilities Local v. National Leaders

Political Reforms Direct Primary Elections Voter Voice Initiative Referendum Recall

Political Reforms Australian ballot Direct election of Senators (17th Amendment) Women’s suffrage extended

Political Reforms Child labor advances

Political Reforms Worker’s compensation laws Maximum hours and minimum wages ‘Dry’ laws

Political Reforms Robert La Follette Wisconsin Progressivism

Race & Progressivism Race Riots Booker T. Washington’s Accommodation W.E.B. Du Bois NAACP

Election of 1900 McKinley v Bryan (again) Issues of Imperialism & Silver (revived by WJB) McKinley reelected w/ Theodore Roosevelt as VP

Leon Czolgosz McKinley’s 2 nd Administration McKinley assassinated in September 1901

TR – That “damn cowboy” Force of personality Political beliefs

Roosevelt’s Square Deal Control of corporations Consumer protection Conservation

Roosevelt Administration First “Modern President” Expansion of Executive Power “Activist President” Meat Inspection Act & Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Conservation = managed consumption

Roosevelt Administration TR as “Trust Buster” Antitrust suit against the Northern Securities Company Initiated over 40 suits against trusts ‘Good’ trusts should be regulated by the government

Roosevelt Administration Expansion of Federal Power Hepburn Act (1906) – Increased the power or the ICC to regulate railroads Department of Commerce and Labor with the Bureau of Corporations created

Roosevelt Administration Pennsylvania (Anthracite coal) Miners strike (1902) TR forced arbitration by threatening to seize mines First time federal government did not side with company ownership

William H. Taft (R) v. William Jennings Bryan (D) Eugene V. Debs – Socialist candidate No TR? Election of 1908

Taft Administration Dollar Diplomacy – US support through investment and military / diplomatic aid Also a ‘trustbuster’ – 90 suits in 4 years Broke campaign promise to reduce tariffs Policies split the Republican party forming the National Progressive Republican League

Listen to two speeches by different people Theodore Roosevelt Woodrow Wilson William Jennings Bryan Eugene V. Debs William Taft Write a brief (one paragraph) reaction to the speech’s style and/or substance.

Howard Taft – Republicans Theodore Roosevelt – Progressives / Bull Moose Woodrow Wilson - Democrats Eugene V. Debs - Socialists Election of 1912

Issues Tariff Trusts Party Loyalty Election of 1912

New Nationalism Precursor to New Deal Consolidation of trust and Labor Regulation of good trusts Women’s suffrage Minimum Wage Social Insurace “In God We Trust” versus New Freedom Small Enterprise Entrepreneurship Unregulated & unmonopolized business ‘Fragmentation not regulation’ Election of 1912

The New Freedom Triple Wall of Privilege Tariff Banks Trusts Underwood Tariff Bill reduced tariffs 16 th Amendment Graduated / progressive income tax Wilson Administration

Federal Reserve Act Created 12 regional reserve districts & banks Banks issue Federal Reserve Notes

Federal Reserve Board Department of the Treasury Twelve Regional Reserve Districts (Central Banks) Commercial Banks

Clayton Anti-Trust Act Federal Farm Loan Act Louis Brandeis – 1st Jewish Justice Race & Wilson Wilson’s pro-labor record v. Ludlow Massacre Wilson Administration