DEVELOPING LEADER AND SOLDIER SKILLS FOR COALITION OPERATIONS DEVELOPING LEADER AND SOLDIER SKILLS FOR COALITION OPERATIONS

INTRODUCTION

SCOPE  COALITION OPERATIONS AND ASSOCIATED DIFFICULTIES  UN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS  LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES  SOLDIERING DIFFICULTIES  MULTINATIONAL COALITIONS OUTSIDE UN Continued..

SCOPE  DEVELOPING THE SKILLS  LEADERS  SOLDIERS  INITIATIVES AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

AIM TO SUGGEST MODALITIES FOR DEVELOPING LEADERSHIP AND SOLDIERING SKILLS FOR COALITION OPERATIONS

COALITION OPERATIONS AND ASSOCIATED DIFFICULTIES

GENERAL MILITARY PRACTICE IN EMPLOYING COALITION FORCES

UN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS GENERAL CREDIBLE COALITION BY COMBINING FORCES FROM DEVELOPED, REGIONAL AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES EITHER TO MAINTAIN PEACE (CHAPTER VI)OR TO ENFORCE PEACE (CHAPTER VII)

UN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS FORCE STRUCTURE DPKO IS THE SUPREME BODY MISSION HEADQUARTERS FOR EACH MISSION

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES IN UN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES UNIQUE TASK AND ENVIRONMENT EACH OPERATION HAS UNIQUE TASK AND ENVIRONMENT UNFAMILIAR TERRAIN, OFTEN WITH INVISIBLE ADVERSARY STANDARD MILITARY TASKS WITH FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT PURPOSE OVERWHELMING AND DECISIVE FORCE MAY HAVE LITTLE RELEVANCE

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES DOCTRINAL DIFFERENCES COMMANDERS WITH VARIED MILITARY TRAINING, KNOWLEDGE AND BACKGROUND MULTINATIONAL BLEND OF STAFFS

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES MULTI TRAILED LOGISTICS CHAIN LOGISTIC AFFILIATION OF CONTINGENTS DIVERSIFIED LOGISTICS REQUIREMENTS BASED ON MOU EXPERIENCE OF LOGISTICS STAFFS

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES VARYING STANDARD AND COMMITMENT STANDARD OF PROFESSIONALISM, DEGREE OF COMMITMENT INFLUENCE ON NATIONAL INTEREST

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES LACK OF INTER OPERABLE EQUIPMENT WIDE VARIANCE IN WEAPON, ARMAMENT AND EQUIPMENT BETWEEN FORCES

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES LACK OF INTER OPERABLE EQUIPMENT COMMUNICATION MAY POSE A SERIOUS PROBLEM

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES THE HUMAN FACTOR THE VALUES, CULTURES, TRADITIONS AND BEHAVIOURS OF SUBORDINATES VARY WIDELY, POSING A UNIQUE CHALLENGE TO LEADERS

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES DIPLOMACY MILITARY LEADERS NEED TO ROLE PLAY MANAGERS AND DIPLOMATS MUDDY BOOT SYNDROME

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES INTER PERSONAL COMMUNICATION LANGUAGE BARRIER POSES GREAT DIFFICULTIES INTERPRETERS HAVE INHERENT LIMITATIONS

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES STRESS MANAGEMENT FORCES GENERALLY OPERATE IN UNFAMILIAR TERRAIN FAR AWAY FORM OWN COUNTRY MEN TEND TO SUFFER FROM HIGH STRESS THAT NEEDS TO BE ADDRESSED

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES MEDIA MANAGEMENT MEDIA IS A MAJOR CONCERN IN ANY CONFLICT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN SHAPING WORLD OPINION

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES APPEALING GOAL / CAUSE MEN NEED A GOOD CAUSE TO FIGHT AND DIE LEADER SHOULD BE ABLE TO GIVE THEM ONE

UN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS DIFFICULTIES AT SOLDIERING LEVEL

SOLDIERING DIFFICULTIES MINDSET AND TRAINING MEN ARE NOT ADEQUATELY TRAINED TO OPERATE IN COALITION ENVIRONMENT GENERALLY, FOCUS IS ON CONVENTIONAL TRAINING WITH LIMITED EMPHASIS ON OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR ADEQUATE TRAINING NEEDED ON FIGHTING LOW INTENSITY CONFLICTS, OPERATIONS IN AID OF CIVIL POWER AND HUMANITARIAN AID

SOLDIERING DIFFICULTIES LANGUAGE

SOLDIERING DIFFICULTIES LANGUAGE JUNIOR LEADERS / MEN OFTEN NEED TO INTERACT, NEGOTIATE, PACIFY OR WARN LOCAL POPULACE LANGUAGE POSES ONE OF THE GREATEST CHALLENGES INTERPRETERS CAN BE USED BUT DISADVANTAGES ARE OBVIOUS

SOLDIERING DIFFICULTIES COMMUNICATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CAN NOT MATCH SUCH SYSTEMS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES HAVE MADE TREMENDOUS PROGRESS AND HAVE ACCESS TO BEST TECHNOLOGIES COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENTS MAY NOT BE COMPATIBLE

COALITIONS OUTSIDE UN LACK OF SUPPORT FORCE CONTRIBUTING NATIONS MAY NOT ENJOY ENOUGH POPULAR SUPPORT WITHIN THEIR COUNTRIES LACK OF COMPLETE GLOBAL SUPPORT MAY BE A CAUSE OF CONCERN

COALITIONS OUTSIDE UN OPERATIONAL INTENSITY CORRESPONDINGLY HIGHER COMBAT STRESS AND ASSOCIATED DIFFICULTIES OPERATIONAL INTENSITY GENERALLY HIGHER THAN UN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS

COALITIONS OUTSIDE UN MEDIA MEDIA TRIES TO CAPITALIZE ON DIVIDED WORLD OPINION LIKELY TO DRAW GREATER MEDIA ATTENTION

COALITIONS OUTSIDE UN MORALE HIGHER DEGREE OF COMBAT STRESS MAY RESULT IN INCREASED NUMBER OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS AND SUICIDES

DEVELOPING THE SKILLS

DEVELOPING LEADERS

TRAINING THE COMMANDERS AND STAFFS  INSTITUTIONS IMPARTING TRAINING TO OFFICERS :  NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE  ARMED FORCES WAR COLLEGE  DEFENCE SERVICES COMMAND AND STAFF COLLEGE  ARMS AND SERVICES TRAINING SCHOOLS / INSTITUTIONS  PEACE SUPPORT OPERATION TRAINING CENTRES / SCHOOLS

DEVELOPING LEADERS BLENDING MILITARY, DIPLOMATIC AND HUMANITARIAN APPROACH INTIMATE MISSION SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE MEDIA MANAGEMENT GREATER ADAPTABILITY AND FLEXIBILITY

DEVELOPING LEADERS INTELLIGENCE MAN MANAGEMENT SKILLS LOGISTICS OFFICERS TRAINING IMPERSONAL AND FIRM APPROACH

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS

UNIT TRAINING  TRAINING CAN BE DIVIDED IN TWO BROAD CATEGORIES:  ADDITIONAL TRAINING IS NEEDED FOR GROUND COMBAT UNITS  INSTITUTIONAL TRAINING  UNIT TRAINING AS PER YEARLY TRAINING PLAN

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS OPERATIONS SPECIFIC TRAINING  CRITICAL TASKS FUNDAMENTAL TO PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS:  PATROLLING  ESTABLISHING AND OPERATING OBSERVATION POSTS  PROTECTION OF LINES OF COMMUNICATION  SETTING UP / OPERATING CHECK POINTS Continued..

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS OPERATION SPECIFIC TRAINING  CRITICAL TASKS FUNDAMENTAL TO PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS:  ESCORTING CONVOYS  PROTECTION OF PERSONNEL  AMBUSH AND COUNTER AMBUSH  PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE POINTS AND KEY POINT INSTALLATIONS  RESPONDING TO INDIRECT FIRE Continued..

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS OPERATION SPECIFIC TRAINING  CRITICAL TASKS FUNDAMENTAL TO PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS:  SECURING AND HOLDING LODGEMENT  OPERATING IN BUILT UP AREAS  MEASURES AGAINST SUICIDE BOMB ATTACKS  MINE / IED CLEARANCE Continued..

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS OPERATION SPECIFIC TRAINING  CRITICAL TASKS FUNDAMENTAL TO PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS:  CROWD / REFUGEE CONTROL  DEALING WITH CIVILIANS  INTERACTING WITH UN AGENCIES AND NON GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS MISSION SPECIFIC TRAINING  LOCAL CONDITIONS  RELIGIOUS, CULTURAL AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS / VALUES OF LOCAL POPULACE  STATUS OF COALITION FORCE AS PER SOFA, IF APPLICABLE  SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT, ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL LAW  ASPECTS LIKE HEALTH AND HYGIENE, PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST DISEASES ETCETERA

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS TRAINING ON SPECIAL WEAPON / EQUIPMENT  NON LETHAL WEAPONS TO MINIMIZE CIVILIAN CASUALTIES  CROWD AND MOVEMENT CONTROL EQUIPMENTS  EQUIPMENTS FOR DETECTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF BOMBS AND IEDs  NIGHT VISION DEVICES, GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS ETCETERA

DEVELOPING SOLDIERS TRAINING OF SPECIAL FORCES  SPECIAL FORCES CAN BE EMPLOYED IN PEACE ENFORCEMENT AND HIGH INTENSITY OPERATIONS  MISSION SPECIFIC TRAINING NEEDED

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES TRAINING IN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS TRAINING CENTRES

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES TRAINING IN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS TRAINING CENTRES  CENTRAL PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS TRAINING CENTRE UNDER UN  ALL INSTITUTIONS CAN BE AFFILIATED, NETWORKED AND CAN HAVE UNIFORMITY IN TRAINING CURRICULUM  PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS TRAINING CENTRES ON A REGIONAL BASIS

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES STANDARDIZATION OF GENERAL TRAINING  PRESENTLY, ARMED FORCES ARE MOSTLY USING THEIR OWN EXPERIENCE FOR TRAINING  UN OR SELECTED REPRESENTATIVE CAN PLAY COORDINATING ROLE Continued..

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES STANDARDIZATION OF GENERAL TRAINING  SUCH RESPONSIBILITIES MAY INCLUDE:  LAYING DOWN SYLLABI FOR INSTITUTIONAL AND UNIT TRAINING  DETERMINING BROAD PARAMETERS FOR MISSION SPECIFIC TRAINING  DECISIONS ON LINGUISTIC TRAINING  UPDATING AND CIRCULATING TRAINING MATERIALS

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES STANDARDIZATION OF GENERAL TRAINING  SUCH RESPONSIBILITIES MAY INCLUDE:  PLANNING AND CONDUCTING INTERNATIONAL EXERCISES  DEVELOPING AND CIRCULATING A SERIES OF COMMON SCENARIOS BASING ON PERCEIVED FUTURE EMPLOYMENT OF COALITION FORCES

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES STANDARDIZATION OF TRAINING MANUALS  UN FIELD MANUALS ON PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS  MANUALS SHOULD COVER THE ENTIRE SPECTRUM OF PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS  STANDARDIZED GENERIC TRAINING MODULE (STGM) IS ALREADY IN PLACE. BUT MORE NEEDS TO BE DONE

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES INFORMATION SHARING  INTERNATIONAL SEMINARS, WAR GAMING EXERCISES, CASE STUDIES, SITUATION TRAINING EXERCISES ETCETERA CAN HELP BENEFIT FROM EACH OTHER

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES FEEDBACK SYSTEM  CAN BE A KEY COMPONENT IN ENHANCING PERFORMANCE  UN MAY CONSIDER DEVELOPING A 360 DEGREE ASSESSMENT AND FEEDBACK SYSTEM  COMPREHENSIVE FEEDBACK ON PERFORMANCE INCLUDING WEAKNESSES AND LESSONS LEARNT CAN HELP PERFORM BETTER IN FUTURE

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