1 Inverter Layout
2 TX Gate: Layout VDD VSS VO Vi C CCC For data path structure P+ N+
3 Transmission Gate Layout
4 NAND Gates: Layout Layout Transistors in Series Transistors in Parallel
5 NAND Gates: Layout A B X Metal II Via VDD GND
6 NAND Gate Layout
7 Simulation results of CMOS 2-input NAND gate DC characteristics Active area Total area Static curren t V OH V OL V IH V IL NM L NM H um um volts 0 volt1.42 volts 0.87 volts 1.88 volts AC characteristics t PLH min t PHL min t P min t PLH max t PHL max t P max t r min t f min t r max t f max Averag e power Peak Power 0.15 ns 0.03 ns 0.09 ns 0.18 ns 0.05 ns ns 0.15 ns 0.14 ns ns 0.15 ns 0.43 mw 0.5 mw
8 simulation waveforms of NAND gate
9 NOR Gate: Layout AB X V DD GND
10 NOR Gate Layout
11 Waveform of the CMOS 2-input NOR gate.
12 DC characteristics Active area Total area Static current V OH V OL V IH V IL NM L NM H um um volts0 volts1.57 volts 0.95 volts 1.73 volts AC characteristics t PLH min t PHL min t P min t PLH max t PHL max t P max t r min t f min t r max t f max Average power Peak Power 0.18 ns 0.05 ns ns 0.2 ns 0.07 ns ns 0.2 ns 0.15 ns 0.24 ns 0.16 ns 0.45 mw0.6 mw Simulation results of CMOS 2-input NOR gate
13 Analysis and Design of Complex Gate A B C D E F VDD GND OUT N-well Analysis 1. Construct the schematic 2. Determine the logic function. 3. Determine transistor sizes. 4. Determine the input pattern to cause slowest and fastest operations. 5. Determine the worst case rise delay (t PLH )and fall delay (t PHL ) 6. Determine the best case rise and fall delays.
14 DFF Layout
15 Fundamental Cell Design General Considerations Static logic; Select aspect ratio of gates for example:
16 Cell Simulation: 2-input NAND gate
17 2-input NAND gate, Layout
18 2-input NAND gate, Simulation
19 2-input NAND gate, DC Characteristics Active area (um 2 ) Total area (um 2 ) Static current (uA) V OH (V) V OL (V) V IH (V) V IL (V) NM H (V) NM L (V)
20 2-input NAND gate, AC Characteristics t PLH min (ns) t PHL min (ns) t P min (ns) t PLH max (ns) t PHL max (ns) t P max (ns) t r min (ns) t f min (ns) t r max (ns) t f max (ns) Average power (mW) Peak power (mW)
21 2-input AND gate
22 2-input AND gate, layout
23 2-input AND gate, simulation
24 2-input AND gate, DC Characteristics Active area (um 2 ) Total area (um 2 ) Static curren t(uA) V OH (V) V OL (V) V IH (V) V IL (V) NM H (V) NM L (V)
25 2-input AND gate, Ac Characteristics t PLH min (ns) t PHL min (ns) t P min (ns) t PLH max (ns) t PHL max (ns) t P max (ns) t r min (ns) t f min (ns) t r max (ns) t f max (ns) Aver. power (mW) Peak power (mW)
26 3-input NAND gate, Design
27 3-input NAND gate. layout
28 3-input NAND gate, simulation
29 3-input NAND gate, DC Characteristics Active area (um 2 ) Total area (um 2 ) Static current (uA) V OH (V) V OL (V) V IH (V) V IL (V) NM H (V) NM L (V)
30 3-input NAND gate, AC Characteristics t PLH min (ns) t PHL min (ns) t P min (ns) t PLH max ns t PHL max (ns) t P max (ns) t r min ns t f min (ns) t r max (ns) t f max (ns) Av. powe r (mW) Peak power (mW)
31 3-input AND gate, Design
32 3-input AND gate, layout
33 3-input AND gate, simulation
34 3-input AND gate, Dc Characteristics Active area (um 2 ) Total area (um 2 ) Static current (uA) V OH (V) V OL (V) V IH (V) V IL (V) NM H (V) NM L (V)
35 3-input AND gate, Ac Characteristics t PLH min (ns) t PHL min (ns) t P min (ns) t PLH max (ns) t PHL max (ns) t P max (ns) t r min (ns) t f min (ns) t r max (ns) t f max (ns) Average power (mW) Peak power (mW)
36 2-input NOR gate, Design
37 2-input NOR gate, Layout
38 2-input NOR gate, Simulation
39 2-input NOR gate, DC Characteristics Active area (um 2 ) Total area (um 2 ) Static current (uA) V OH (V) V OL (V) V IH (V) V IL (V) NM H (V) NM L (V)
40 2-input NOR gate, Ac Characteristics t PLH min (ns) t PHL min (ns) t P min (ns) t PLH max (ns) t PHL max (ns) t P max (ns) t r min ns t f min (ns) t r max (ns) t f max (ns) Av. power (mW) Peak power (mW)
41 2-input OR gate, Design
42 2-input OR gate, Layout
43 2-input OR gate, Simulation
44 2-input OR gate, DC Characteristics Active area (um 2 ) Total area (um 2 ) Static curren t(uA) V OH (V) V OL (V) V IH (V) V IL (V) NM H (V) NM L (V)
45 2-input OR gate, AC Characteristics t PLH min (ns) t PHL min (ns) t P min (ns) t PLH max (ns) t PHL max (ns) t P max (ns) t r min (ns) t f min (ns) t r max (ns) t f max (ns) Av. power (mW) Peak power (mW)
46 3-input NOR gate, Design
47 3-input NOR gate, Layout
48 3-input NOR gate, Simulation
49 3-input NOR gate, DC Characteristics Active area (um 2 ) Total area (um 2 ) Static curre nt(uA) V OH (V) V OL (V) V IH (V) V IL (V) NM H (V) NM L (V)
50 3-input NOR gate, AC Charcarteristics t PLH min (ns) t PHL min (ns) t P min (ns) t PLH max (ns) t PHL max (ns) t P max (ns) t r min (ns) t f min (ns) t r max (ns) t f max (ns) Av. power (mW) Peak power (mW)
51 3-input OR gate, Design
52 3-input OR gate, Layout
53 3-input OR gate, Simulation
54 3-input OR gate, DC Characteristics Active area (um 2 ) Total area (um 2 ) Static current (uA) V OH (V) V OL (V) V IH (V) V IL (V) NM H (V) NM L (V)
55 3-input OR gate, AC Characteristics t PLH min (ns) t PHL min (ns) t P min (ns) t PLH max (ns) t PHL max (ns) t P max (ns) t r min (ns) t f min (ns) t r max (ns) t f max (ns) Av. power (mW) Peak power (mW)
56 4-input OR gate, Design
57 4-input OR gate, Layout
58 4-input OR gate, Simulation
59 4-input OR gate, DC Characteristics Active area (um 2 ) Total area (um 2 ) Static current (uA) V OH (V) V OL (V) V IH (V) V IL (V) NM H (V) NM L (V)
60 4-input OR gate, AC Characteristics t PLH min (ns) t PHL min (ns) t P min (ns) t PLH max (ns) t PHL max (ns) t P max (ns) t r min (ns) t f min (ns) t r max (ns) t f max (ns) Av. power (mW) Peak power (mW)
61 2-input XOR gate, Design
62 2-input XOR gate, Layout
63 2-input XOR gate, Simulation
64 2-input XOR gate, DC Characteristics Active area (um 2 ) Total area (um 2 ) Static current (uA) V OH (V) V OL (V) V IH (V) V IL (V) NM H (V) NM L (V)
65 2-input XOR gate, AC Characteristics t PLH min (ns) t PHL min (ns) t P min (ns) t PLH max (ns) t PHL max (ns) t P max (ns) t r min (ns) t f min (ns) t r max (ns) t f max (ns) Av. power (mW) Peak power (mW)
66 3-input XOR gate, Design
67 3-input XOR gate, Layout
68 3-input XOR gate, Simulation
69 3-input XOR gate, DC Characteristics Active area (um 2 ) Total area (um 2 ) Static current (uA) V OH (V) V OL (V) V IH (V) V IL (V) NM H (V) NM L (V)
70 3-input XOR gate, AC Characteristics t PLH min (ns) t PHL min (ns) t P min (ns) t PLH max (ns) t PHL max (ns) t P max (ns) t r min (ns) t f min (ns) t r max (ns) t f max (ns) Av. power (mW) Peak power (mW)
71 3-input XNOR gate, Design
72 3-input XNOR gate, Layout
73 3-input XNOR gate, Simulation
74 3-input XNOR gate, DC Characteristics Active area (um 2 ) Total area (um 2 ) Static current (uA) V OH (V) V OL (V) V IH (V) V IL (V) NM H (V) NM L (V)
75 3-input XNOR gate, AC Characteristics t PLH min (ns) t PHL min (ns) t P min (ns) t PLH max (ns) t PHL max (ns) t P max (ns) t r min (ns) t f min (ns) t r max (ns) t f max (ns) Average power (mW) Peak power (mW)
76 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Reset
77 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Reset
78 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Reset
79 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Reset parameterminimumtypicalmaximumunit Clock frequency MHz t PLH Reset to Q ns t PHL Reset to Q ns t PLH CLK to Q ns t PHL CLK to Q ns Width of clock pulse ns Width of Reset pulse ns Setup time0.3 ns Hold time0.1 ns Average power dissipation at 1000MHz CLK mW
80 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Preset
81 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Preset
82 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Preset
83 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Preset parameterminimumtypicalmaximumunit Clock frequency MHz t PLH SET to Q ns t PHL SET to Q ns t PLH CLK to Q ns t PHL CLK to Q ns Width of clock pulse ns Width of SET pulse ns Setup time0.3 ns Hold time0.15 ns Average power dissipation at 1000MHz CLK mW
84 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Clear and Load
85 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Clear/ Load
86 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Clear
87 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Clear parameterminimumtypicalmaximumunit Clock frequency MHz t PLH CLR to Q ns t PHL CLR to Q ns t PLH CLK to Q ns t PHL CLK to Q ns Width of clock pulse ns Width of clear pulse ns Setup time0.5 ns Hold time0.2 ns Average power dissipation at 1000MHz CLK mW
88 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Preset and Load
89 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Preset and Load
90 Positive-Edge-triggered D Flip-Flop with Preset and Load