HWH UNIT 10 CHAPTER 16.3

 Unfair? Germany Italy Ethnic minorities  Too lenient? France

 Background Socialist Avante WWI Il Popolo d ’ Italia  Post-WWI Irredentia Communist Threat  Fasci Italiani di Combattimento

 What is fascism? Extreme Nationalism Loyalty to the state Individual is subordinate to the state Aggressive Anti-Communist Anti-Democracy Fanaticism toward the leader

 The Corporate State  The Syndicates  Autarky “ The Battle for Wheat ” “ The Battle for Births ”

Fascism  Extremely nationalistic  Appeals to middle and upper class  Preserves classes  Based on capitalist economics  Intends for permanent government control  Glorification of the leader  Anti-communist Communism  Seeks international revolution  Appeals to the working class  Classless society  Based on socialist economics  Promises eventual abolition of government  Glorification of the Party  Anti-fascist

1919: Fascist Party organized -Squadristi (a.k.a. Blackshirts) 1921: Fascists win 35 seats (out of 535) 1922 August: General Strike October: The March on Rome Mussolini as premier (Victor Emmanuel III) -4 out of 14 cabinet members -36 seats November: “ emergency power ” for one year 1923: The Acerbo Law 1924: Fascists win 365 seats (65%) Mussolini as dictator (Il Duce)

 Settlement with the Vatican Pope became ruler of Vatican City Italy paid the Vatican for land Catholicism is official religion

 Ethiopia, 1935 Revenge for Adowa The League of Nations Sanctions  NOT OIL  Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936  Albania, 1939