COLD WAR Foreign and domestic tensions and issues

Bell-ringer (will be collected) Identify each term or person: 1. Cold War 1. Cold War 2. Truman Doctrine 2. Truman Doctrine 3. Marshall Plan 3. Marshall Plan 4. Domino theory 4. Domino theory 5. Joseph McCarthy 5. Joseph McCarthy 6. The Rosenbergs 6. The Rosenbergs 7. Hollywood Ten 7. Hollywood Ten Answer the following questions: 8. Which large country became communist in 1949? 8. Which large country became communist in 1949? 9. In what 2 countries did we fight wars over communism in the 1950s-1970s? 9. In what 2 countries did we fight wars over communism in the 1950s-1970s? 10. Who is our closest communist neighbor? 10. Who is our closest communist neighbor?

Cold War, A series of conflicts, compromises, and competitions between the capitalist US and the communist Soviet Union to influence other countries into allying with one side or the other A series of conflicts, compromises, and competitions between the capitalist US and the communist Soviet Union to influence other countries into allying with one side or the other

Satellite nations Countries in Eastern Europe under Soviet control Countries in Eastern Europe under Soviet control

containment Trying to restrict the expansion of Soviet communism Trying to restrict the expansion of Soviet communism

Baruch Plan, 1946 Call for special international agency with the authority to inspect any country’s atomic- energy plants Call for special international agency with the authority to inspect any country’s atomic- energy plants

Atomic Energy Act, 1946 Created the Atomic Energy Commission to oversee nuclear weapons research and to promote peacetime use of atomic energy Created the Atomic Energy Commission to oversee nuclear weapons research and to promote peacetime use of atomic energy

Truman Doctrine, 1947 Policy of supporting people who are resisting attempted conquest by armed minorities or by outside pressures Policy of supporting people who are resisting attempted conquest by armed minorities or by outside pressures

CIA Central Intelligence Agency Central Intelligence Agency Created in 1947 Created in 1947 Gathers information secretly Gathers information secretly Still active today Still active today

Marshall Plan, 1948 European Recovery Program in which the US provided billions of dollars in economic aid for Europe to prevent the spread of communism European Recovery Program in which the US provided billions of dollars in economic aid for Europe to prevent the spread of communism

Berlin Airlift, June 1948-May 1949 US, England, and France planned to combine their German zones US, England, and France planned to combine their German zones SU was angry and blocked all entry into Berlin SU was angry and blocked all entry into Berlin Western leaders airlifted food and supplies to Berlin for 10 months Western leaders airlifted food and supplies to Berlin for 10 months

NATO, 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization North Atlantic Treaty Organization Military alliance originally formed by democratic nations Military alliance originally formed by democratic nations Now includes some former Soviet bloc nations Now includes some former Soviet bloc nations

Warsaw Pact, 1955—Soviet response to NATO; USSR created a military alliance with other communist countries

China becomes Communist under Mao Zedong in 1949

brinkmanship Using the threat of massive military retaliation Using the threat of massive military retaliation going to the brink of war in order to stop communism from spreading going to the brink of war in order to stop communism from spreading

Korean War US enters a war in Korea, ; country eventually divided along 38 th parallel between communist and anti-communist forces US enters a war in Korea, ; country eventually divided along 38 th parallel between communist and anti-communist forces

U-2 incident, 1960 Francis Gary Powers was shot down by the SU while spying Francis Gary Powers was shot down by the SU while spying Heightened tensions between the US and SU Heightened tensions between the US and SU

Meanwhile… On the Home Front…

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Investigated people who might be against the government, particularly communists Investigated people who might be against the government, particularly communists

Hollywood Ten, 1947 People in Hollywood who refused to testify before HUAC and were jailed and later blacklisted People in Hollywood who refused to testify before HUAC and were jailed and later blacklisted

Internal Security Act, 1950 Communist Party members must register with the government Communist Party members must register with the government Strict controls on immigrants suspected of being communists Strict controls on immigrants suspected of being communists

Joseph McCarthy, 1950 Claimed he had a list of supposed communists in the State Department Claimed he had a list of supposed communists in the State Department Ruined many careers Ruined many careers

Hydrogen bomb 1952 (US), 1953 (SU) Much more powerful than the atomic bomb Much more powerful than the atomic bomb First test vaporized an entire island First test vaporized an entire island

Alger Hiss, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Hiss—jailed in 1950 for supposedly being a Soviet spy and lying under oath Hiss—jailed in 1950 for supposedly being a Soviet spy and lying under oath Rosenbergs— executed in 1953 for selling secrets to the Soviets Rosenbergs— executed in 1953 for selling secrets to the Soviets

Sputnik, 1957 First satellite launched into space First satellite launched into space By Soviet Union By Soviet Union Heightened the space race Heightened the space race

National Defense Education Act Passed in 1958 in response to Sputnik Passed in 1958 in response to Sputnik Money for training in science, math and languages Money for training in science, math and languages

NASA Established in 1958 Established in 1958 National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Other notable Cold War events Castro comes to power in Cuba, 1959 Castro comes to power in Cuba, 1959 Bay of Pigs invasion, 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion, 1961 Berlin Wall, Berlin Wall, Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 1972 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 1972 Glasnost, perestroika; “tear down this wall”—Reagan to Gorbachev Glasnost, perestroika; “tear down this wall”—Reagan to Gorbachev Fall of Berlin Wall, 1989; Fall of the Soviet Union, 1991 Fall of Berlin Wall, 1989; Fall of the Soviet Union, 1991