Chapter 8 Section 4 India Under British Rule

1 st Europeans to India- Portuguese Eager for trade w/ Indians As Mughal power declined, Europeans turned to conquest Had a monopoly (complete control over a market) until the Dutch arrived Traded gold/silver for cotton, silk, tea When Mughals power declined, British & French competed for control British overpowered French

East India Co. Set up law code, court system, & collected taxes Most Indians wanted British out, but the groups couldn’t agree & the Brits’ encouraged disunity

Sepoy Rebellion -Sepoy-Indian troops that served in British Army -Heard that cartridges were coated w/ beef and pork fat (Hindus-cows sacred, Muslims-could not touch pork) -were required to fight in foreign lands-thought they’d lose caste placement

Sepoy Rebellion Indians were very angry but the British put down any uprisings led to political changes British take India as a colony -rule through appointed officials -distrust btwn Indians and British --Indians didn’t like their culture to be changed

Effects of British Rule Improved Transportation (rr, ports, roads) Communication (telegraph) Helped to increase trade and to control the colony Brought people from different regions together

British Industrial Revolution India was seen as a market place for British goods Laws were passed to limit the production of Indian made goods Indian industry declined-lose skills Had to buy expensive British- made products Had to raise cash crops – tea, pepper, coffee, cotton – no food=famine and food shortage.

B.I.R. continued Improved healthcare/ sanitation = population growth. Schools and colleges showed Britain as superior culture. Ease of communication- English Increase in education leads to increase in knowledge of own culture. Resent for foreign rule and leads to nationalism (love for own country).

Indian Nationalism Strongest among the educated How should India be organized? Westernize? Traditionalize? Reform British rule? Demanded Independence British promised more self- government Slowly gave more power.  Mohandas Gandhi United India in support for independence

As Hindu nationalism grew, Muslims became concerned Formed Muslim League Thought India should be split into two nations. One for Hindus One for Muslims

Assignment Were the effects of British rule mostly positive or mostly negative? List the effects and analyze the impact on India.