1. Cause & Effect: British Rule in India

2. Rise of the British East India Company
Causes
land and trade
lack of Indian unity/rival kingdoms/conflict
long decline of Mughal Empire
Seven Years War (1756 – 1763)
British/French Rivalry
Treaty of Paris 1763: Britain rights in India
Robert Clive: BEIC

4. Rise of the British East India Company
Effects
competition between British and French for control of India – defeat of French in Bengal
wealth from India
right to collect taxes from Mughal Empire
protect BEIC with laws and courts
control more land – direct/indirect rule

5. Sepoy Rebellion (1857) Causes
sepoy: Indian troop who served in British Army
1st wide spread Indian rebellion
grievances against British rule
interfered with social and religious customs
Examples
High taxes on farmers
Resentment of Christian missionaries
Lose caste if traveled overseas
Muslim and Hindus together
cartridge grease

6. Mangal Pandey (19 July 1827 – 8 April 1857)
Indian soldier who played a key part in events immediately preceding the outbreak of the Sepoy
contemporary British opinion considered him a traitor and mutineer
Pandey is widely regarded as a freedom fighter in modern India.
1984, the Indian government issued a postage stamp to commemorate him.

9. Sepoy Rebellion Effects
India becomes a British colony/direct rule (1858)
Act for Better Government For India
increased distrust between Indians and British
official start of British Raj (British rule in India)

11. British Improved Indian Infrastructure
Causes
the British wanted to increase trade and control their colony
Sepoy Rebellion

12. British Improved Indian Infrastructure
Effects
improved/built roads, railroads, modernized ports, telegraphs, schools, health care
improved response to uprisings/disasters
increased trade
better control of colony by British
India more connected

13. New Economic Patterns Causes British Raj Industrial Revolution
Need for raw materials and foreign markets
Discouraged local Indian industries and limited Indian imports to Britain

14. New Economic Patterns Effects (Listing Question)
Destroyed Indian traditional economy
Locally made goods disappeared
Indians bought expensive British made products: imports
Cash crop economy
Less food crops
India dependent on Great Britain

15. Social Changes Causes British Raj: imposed British way of life
better health care/improved sanitary conditions
need for jobs
schools/colleges for higher castes
ethnocentrism of British education
Outlawed certain customs

16. Social Changes Effects (Listing Question) population growth
Urbanization
Loss of traditional ways of life
British educated Indian middle class
make like British (p.197)
English a common language
learned about liberty, freedom, democracy
resentment to British rule = rise of Indian nationalism

17. Formation of the INC (1885) Causes
Indian Educated elite = learning about liberty, freedom, democracy
wanted to return to Hindu traditions = Hindu nationalism
wanted political reform

19. Formation of the INC (1885) Effects
gradual political change/more gov’t jobs to Indians
1920: Gandhi: wanted home rule

21. Formation of the Muslim League (1906)
Causes
Hindu Nationalism/Formation of INC
respect for Muslim Culture/past conflicts
protection of Muslim rights
Muhammad Ali Jinnah

23. Formation of the Muslim League (1906)
Effects
Increased tension between Hindus and Muslims
Push to divide India into 2 nations based on religion

24. Closure
With a partner or independently evaluate whether the economic and social changes were positive (+) or negative (-) on India.
Place a “+” for positive or a “-” next to each effect under “New Economic Patterns” and “Social Changes”
On the back of the Chart: Were the effects of the British Raj on India mostly positive or negative? Support your answer with several pieces of evidence.