Unit 3 Outcome 2 Key Knowledge point 1 Types of contemporary interactions with natural environments including: Primary industries Recreation Conservation Tourism

The sector of an economy making direct use of natural resources. This includes agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining, and extraction of oil and gas. This is contrasted with the secondary sector, producing manufactures and other processed goods, and the tertiary sector, producing services. Environmental Impacts as a result?

Interactions - Examples: Logging companies, Logging companies, Mining companies, Mining companies, Energy companies Energy companies Agriculture Agriculture Fisheries Fisheries Game hunting.. etc Game hunting.. etc

Patterns of Primary Industry’s Interactions Aboriginal – trading goods Early European settlers – Cleared land for farming practices, sealing + whaling, logging 1800’s – mining (gold, stone, tin), farming practices 1900’s – mining, logging, farming, fishing, hunting, energy… Now??? WHY have these interactions changed?

In the Grampians and surrounding areas Agriculture Grain Cattle Sheep Quarrying (in southern Grampians – not Heatherlie quarry anymore)

Victoria is Australia’s largest food and fibre exporting state. Our strong agricultural sector produces goods valued at around $8 billion a year Victoria’s temperate climate, high quality soils and clean water support our world-class agriculture industries. The state’s largest export earner, the dairy industry, provides no less than 7 per cent of dairy products traded globally. Australia is a major producer and exporter of Agriculture and its closely related sectors earn $155 billion a year for a 12% share of Australia’s GDP. Australian farmers and grazers own 135,996 farms, covering 61% of Australia’s landmass.

Concerns about the impact of quarrying are hardly new.. Complaints about quarrying activities were voiced as far back as the 1890s. The issues of concern haven't changed over time visual intrusion damage to landscapes noise damage to caves loss of land deterioration in water quality

Define: Time spent away from work in activity outdoors. The need to do something for recreation is an essential element of human biology and psychology but is often undertaken for the following reasons.. Enjoyment Happiness Fitness Social Risk taking Thrill seeking/rush

Recreational interaction examples: Fishing hiking rock climbing bird watching camping mountain biking 4WD

What recreational activities did you see that could be undertaken in the Grampians??

Patterns of Recreation Interactions Aboriginal – learning skills, stories, walking, dancing and singing Early European - early 1800’s – little recreation time – maybe walking, picnics Late 1800’s – early 1900’s – tramping, bird watching, camping, picnics 1900’s after first world war – hiking, driving, bird watching, surfing, sailing, flying, bungy jumping, skiing, rock climbing, caving, camping, trekking, scuba diving……… Now?? WHY have these interactions changed?

Define: The protection and enhancement of the environment. Conservation interaction - Examples: Environment groups Creating of National Parks Management strategies Conservation Laws Minimal impact strategies Reduction in use of resources Reduction of waste and pollution Education and awareness Development of environmentally friendly energy sources Other?

Patterns of Conservation Interactions Aboriginal – areas for no hunting/gathering, only took what they needed, use of fire for regeneration Early European settlers – didn’t have any 1800’s – didn’t have any until late 1800’s when national parks first became a possibility 1900’s – recognition of land degradation, environmental awareness, environment groups formed, national parks formed, acts of parliament passed and implemented, management strategies developed, use of resources limited Now?? WHY have these interactions changed?

Define: The visiting of places for leisure, recreation, challenge, education which is outside their usual environment. Tourism is making use of an environment to make a profit. Tourism interaction - Examples: Bus tours Educational tours Sight seeing Variety of accommodation Experiencing local culture/food/music Recreational activities – golf, birdwatching, walking, skiing, climbing, sailing, kayaking, 4WD, photography…

Different types of Tourism: Eco-tourism- Sustainability Visiting Natural Resources Man made tourism- MCG, Water world etc.

Patterns of Tourism Interactions Aboriginal – no tourism, visited other tribes for trade, marriage, ceremonies Early European settlers – no tourism, travel was for commerce / new settlement and trade 1800’s – no tourism until late 1800’s when income was sufficient to visit family or friends for leisure 1900’s – mostly domestic travel until 1970’s 1970’s - now – WHY have these interactions changed?

Tourism is the main income of Halls Gap. What tourist activities are on offer here? What are the positive impacts of these? What are the negative environmental impacts of these?

Has Tourism benefited the Natural Environment? Positive- More money injected into the Grampians area. Improving area to make it more desirable. Negative- More people = more impact Industralisation (Environmental Changes). Has Tourism changed societies relationship with the environment? Yes because we are more engaged and have more information about what the environment has to offer.

Compare and contrast the different contemporary societal relationships with outdoor environments (200 words) Think about the environmental, social and financial positives and negatives of these interactions