Creating a New Government Learning Targets: 1.evaluate the political ideas that were reflected in state constitutions and eventually implemented into the Constitution. 2.Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. 3.interpret how certain events will expose the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation which will bring about a need to create a new form of government.

Creating a New Government Ideas of Government A. Locke’s Social Contract 1. People Sovereign Rulers B. Montesquieu- Separation & Balance of Powers C. Virginia Statue of Religious Freedom D. Republican Motherhood E. Each state had its own written constitutions John Locke Charles de Secondat Montesquieu

Original System of Government Articles of Confederation John Dickinson A. Loose Alliance B. Power given to state C. One State = One Vote D. Many Restrictions of the Federal Government John Dickinson

III. A Need for Change A. Shay’s Rebellion B to revise the Articles of Confederation 1. George Washington Chairman and 55 or 54 delegates 2. Set Guidelines Image from Shay’s Rebellion A Young Nation in Turmoil

Constitutional Convention Quorum- May 25, 1787 Philadelphia 12 of 13 states (No Rhode Island) extra credit if you can tell me why they were a no show Guidelines 1. hold secret sessions 7 states as a quorum 1 state 1 vote Majority vote needed to make decisions

Delegates to the Constitutional Convention, 1787 CONNECTICUT: 1 of 3 Oliver Ellsworth William Samuel Johnson Roger Sherman GEORGIA: 2 of 4 Abraham Baldwin William Few William Houstoun William Pierce MASSACHUSETTS:3of 4 Elbridge Gerry Nathaniel Gorham Rufus King Caleb Strong MARYLAND: 1 of 5 Daniel Carroll Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer Luther Martin James McHenry John Francis Mercer NEW HAMPSHIRE:2of 2 Nicholas Gilman John Langdon PENNSYLVANIA: 4 of 8 George Clymer Thomas Fitzsimons Benjamin Franklin Jared Ingersoll Thomas Mifflin Gouverneur Morris Robert Morris James Wilson NEW JERSEY: 3 of 5 David Brearly Jonathan Dayton William Churchill Houston William Livingston William Paterson NEW YORK: 2 of 3 Alexander Hamilton John Lansing Robert Yates NORTH CAROLINA: 3 of 5 William Blount William Davie Alexander Martin Richard Dobbs Spaight Hugh Williamson Pierce Butler South Carolina 2 of 4 Charles Pinckney Charles Cotesworth Pinckney John Rutledge VIRGINIA: 3 of 7 John Blair James McClurg James Madison George Mason Edmund Randolph George Washington George Wythe DELAWARE: 3 of 5 Richard Bassett Gunning Bedford Jacob Broom John Dickinson George Read

What are we going to learn today??? 1. Explain how the Virginia Plan called for a stronger federal government 2. Outline the major compromises that were reflected in the Constitution. 3. Discuss why the Antifederalists opposed the Constitution, and how the Federalists responded. 4. Recount why it was important that all 13 states ratified the Constitution.

What were the big debates? How much power to be given to the people? The representation of the small and large states? How to regulate commerce and the slave trade?

Will We Really Last as a New Nation? Compromises Virginia Plan (presented by Randolph, drafted by Madison) a. Federalism b. 3 Branches of Government c. two-houses based on population New Jersey Plan (Patterson) a. One House b. Equal Representation Edmund Randolph James Madison William Patterson

Can’t We All Just Get Along? Great Compromise (Roger Sherman) a. Bicameral- two houses b. upper –(equal) lower – (population) Roger Sherman

Other Compromises 3/5 Compromise (Slavery) (N v. S) James WilsonJames Wilson and Roger ShermanRoger Sherman a. taxation b. representation Restriction of the Slave Trade a. importation of slaves until end of 1807 b. slave owners could pursue runaway slaves James Wilson

Another Major Compromise 6. Compromise over commerce (N v. S) (What is commerce?) Economic Differences a. tariffs b. imports not exports

Ratification What was/is Ratification? A. Federalists-(Strong National Government) B. Anti-Federalists-(Strong State Government) C. June 21, 1788 ratified by 9 states Why was it important that all the states ratify the Constitution?

State by state, the constitution was approved. 1. Delaware 2. Pennsylvania 3. New Jersey 4. Georgia 5. Connecticut 6. Massachusetts 7. Maryland 8. South Carolina 9. New Hampshire 10. Virginia 11. New York 12. North Carolina 13. Rhode Island Adopted: July 2 nd, 1788 In Effect: March 4 th, 1789 Date ApprovedVote for Ratification For Against 12/7/1787Unanimous 12/12/ /18/1787Unanimous 1/2/1788Unanimous 1/9/ /6/ /28/ /23/ /21/ /26/ /26/ /21/ /29/

Constitution

Homework Assignment You are to create a piece of literary work or some kind of artwork which will be supportive for either- Federalist Anti-Federalist