Matter Essential Question: Are all objects composed of matter?

What is matter? O Defined as anything that has mass and takes up space. O Everything around you is made up of matter O A chocolate cake is made up of matter O Air around us O Microbes, which you cannot see O You are made up of matter Essential Question: Are all objects composed of matter? O So, what are some examples of matter?

Matter continued O Matter can be small or large O All matter is made up of atoms and molecules O Objects can be made up of different atoms O Example: O Gold is made up of Gold atoms O Salt is made up of two different atoms: sodium atoms and chloride atoms Essential Question: Are all objects composed of matter?

Why are properties important? O All substances have properties that we can use to identify them. O For example we can identify a person by their face, their voice, height, finger prints, DNA etc..The more of these properties that we can identify, the better we know the person. O In a similar way matter has properties - and there are many of them. Essential Question: How can physical and chemical properties be used to identify matter?

Physical and Chemical Properties O There are two basic types of properties that we can associate with matter. O These properties are called Physical properties and Chemical properties: Essential Question: How can physical and chemical properties be used to identify matter?

Physical Properties O A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition. O Examples of physical properties are: O color, smell, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, infra-red spectrum, attraction (paramagnetic) or repulsion (diamagnetic) to magnets, opacity, viscosity and density. Essential Question: How can physical and chemical properties be used to identify matter?

Physical Properties- Activity O Provide as many physical properties for the following: Essential Question: How can physical and chemical properties be used to identify matter? ItemPhysical Property Sugar Baking Soda Copper

Chemical Properties O A chemical property is the ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances. O Examples of chemical properties are: heat of combustion, reactivity with water, pH, ability of iron to form rust when combined with air, the ability of paper remaining the same after cutting it into small pieces Essential Question: How can physical and chemical properties be used to identify matter?

Chemical Properties-Activity O Baking soda with vinegar O Pour the vinegar entirely into the beaker containing baking soda O Copper with ammonia O Demo: sugar with HCl Essential Question: How can physical and chemical properties be used to identify matter?

Observing Properties of Matter O Every substance has its own unique set of physical and chemical properties O The more properties we can identify for a substance, the better we know the nature of that substance. O These properties can then help us model the substance and thus understand how this substance will behave under various conditions. Essential Question: How can physical and chemical properties be used to identify matter?