Secondary Storage Chapter 8 McGraw-HillCopyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Distinguish between primary and secondary storage Compare internal and external hard disks Describe ways to improve hard-disk operations, including disk caching, redundant arrays of inexpensive disks, and data compress- ion and decompress- ion Competencies (Page 1 of 2) 1-2 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Competencies (Page 2 of 2) Discuss solid-state storage devices including flash memory and USB drives Discuss the different types of optical disks Describe Internet drives, floppy disks, and magnetic tape Discuss mass storage, mass storage devices, and storage area networks 1-3 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Data storage has expanded from text and numeric files to include digital music files, photographic files, video files, and much more. These new types of files require secondary storage devices with much greater capacity than floppy disks. In this chapter, you will learn about the many types of secondary storage devices including their capabilities and limitations. Introduction 1-4 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Storage Primary storage –Volatile storage –Temporary storage Secondary storage –Nonvolatile storage –Permanent storage Secondary storage characteristics –Media –Capacity –Storage devices –Access speed 1-5 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Secondary Storage Devices Provides permanent or nonvolatile storage Data and programs can be retained after the computer has been shut off Most desktop microcomputer systems have hard and optical disk drives 1-6 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Use thicker, metallic platters for storage Faster than a floppy diskette Large capacity Sensitive instruments There are three types of hard disks: –Internal Hard DiskInternal Hard Disk –External Hard DisksExternal Hard Disks –Digital Versatile DiscsDigital Versatile Discs Performance Enhancements Hard Disks 1-7 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Materials that Cause a Head Crash Head crash is a disaster for a hard disk 1-8 Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Located inside system unit Designated as the C drive Advantages over other removable media –Capacity –Access speed Internal Hard Disk 1-9 Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Removable hard disks Used to complement internal hard disk Capacities of 20 to 500 GB External Hard Disks 1-10 PC Card Hard Disks Hard-disk cartridge Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Disk caching Redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) File compression and decompression Performance Enhancements 1-11 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Solid –state drives (SSDs) Flash memory cards –Widely used in notebook computers –Used to record MP3 music files USB Drives –Flash drives –Very compact –Capacity from 1 GB to 256 GB Solid-State Storage 1-12 Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hold over 50 gigabytes of data Attributes –Lands –Pits Three types –Compact Disc (CD)Compact Disc (CD) –Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) –Hi-Def DiscHi-Def Disc Optical Disks 1-13 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Internet can be used as a medium to locate and play music and videos A user can create compact discs, or transfer music to a portable player Requirements –Software –Hardware –Internet Making IT Work for You IPods and Videos From The Internet 1-14 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Optical format From 650 MB to 1 GB capacity Rotation speeds vary Three basic types –Read only: CD-ROM –Write once: CD-R –Rewriteable: CD-RW Compact Disc 1-15 Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

DVD stands for digital versatile disk or digital video disk DVD-ROM DVD+R and DVD-R DVD+RW, DVD-RW, and DVD-RAM Digital Versatile Disks 1-16 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc (DVD) Similar to CDs, but can store more data Three basic types –Read only: DVD-ROM –Write once: DVD+R; DVD-R –Rewritable: DVD+RW; DVD-RW; DVD-RAM Digital Versatile Disc 1-17 Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Next generation of optical disc Far greater capacity than DVDs Three basic types –Read only –Write once –Rewriteable Two competing hi def formats –HD DVD –Blu-Ray High-Definition Disc 1-18 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Online storage services Floppy disks Magnetic tape Other Types of Secondary Storage 1-19 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

External storage Provides sequential access –Information stored in sequence –Slower than disks which provide direct access Magnetic tape streamers or tape cartridges used by both mainframes and microcomputers Magnetic Tape 1-20 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Mass storage refers to the tremendous amount of secondary storage required by large organizations Mass storage devices are specialized high-capacity secondary storage devices Enterprise storage system promotes efficient and safe use of data across networks within organizations Mass Storage Devices 1-21 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

File servers Network attached storage (NAS) RAID systems Tape library Organizational online storage Enterprise Storage Systems 1-22 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Software engineers analyze users’ needs and create application software General employer requirements –Bachelors degree in computer science –Extensive knowledge of computers and technology –Good communication and analytical skills Software engineers can expect to earn an annual salary of $63,000 to $98,500 Careers In IT 1-23 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Future secondary storage disks could eventually store one terabyte Experiments with three dimensional storing Video of an entire life Technology is being used to rapidly scan photos and videos A Look to the Future Your Entire Life Recorded on a Single Disk 1-24 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

What are the two types of hard disks? Describe three ways to improve hard disk performance. Compare solid-state storage and hard disks. What are the two most common optical disk formats? What is Blu-Ray? Open-Ended Questions(Page 1 of 2) 1-25 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Discuss online storage services, floppy disks, and magnetic tape. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Discuss mass storage systems including enterprise storage systems and storage area networks. Open-Ended Questions (Page 2 of 2) 1-26 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.