1. Chapter 7

2. Secondary storage characteristics
Primary storage
Volatile storage
Temporary storage
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Secondary storage
Nonvolatile storage
Permanent storage
Secondary storage characteristics
Media
Capacity
Storage devices
Access speed
Secondary storage permanently saves information for future use; to share information with others; to modify at later date
Secondary storage is nonvolatile – stores programs and data as opposed to temporary storage (RAM)
Characteristics include:
Media or medium – actual physical materials that holds the data and programs
Capacity – measures how much a particular storage medium can hold
Storage devices – hardware that reads data and programs from storage media (most also write to storage media)
Access speed or access time – measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs
Writing– process of saving information to the secondary storage device
Reading – process of accessing information from secondary storage

3. Store and organize files using tracks, sectors, and cylinders
Use rigid, metallic platters that are stacked one on top of one another
Store and organize files using tracks, sectors, and cylinders
Large capacity (terabytes)
Two types of hard disks:
Internal Hard Disk: Located inside system unit and often designated as the C: drive
External Hard Disks
Performance enhancements
Composed of metallic rather than plastic disks
Platters – rigid metallic, stacked one on top of another
Track-rings of concentric circles
Each track is divided into wedge-shaped sections called sectors
A cylinder (Key Term) runs through each track of a stack of platters
Fast information storage and retrieval

4. Hold over 100 gigabytes (GB) of data Three types
Compact Disc (CD)
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
Blu-Ray (Hi-Def) Disc
Use laser technology. CD (Key Term) and DVD (Key Term) are optical disk formats.
Compact, high capacity form of permanent storage (up to 50 gigabytes of data)
Optical discs are read by an optical disc drive
Laser beam writes by creating a pattern of pits (holes) and lands (flat areas) to encode data bits
Laser beams reflect off the pits and lands to read the data
Rotational speed determines how fast data can be transferred from the CD
Optical disks come in many different sizes
Most common is 4 ¾ inches
Stored in a protective case called jewel boxes

5. Large amounts of secondary storage called mass storage that support enterprise storage systems
Devices include:
File servers: – dedicated computer with very large storage capacities
RAID systems: specialized devices that enhance organizational security by constantly making backup copies of files
Organizational cloud storage:– high speed internet connection to a dedicated remote organizational cloud storage server.
Mass storage devices that support enterprise storage systems are
File servers (Key Term) – dedicated computer with very large storage capacities that provide user access to fast storage and retrieval of data
Network attached storage (NAS) – similar to a files server except less expensive
RAID systems (Key Term) – larger versions of the specialized devices discussed earlier in this chapter that enhance organizational security by constantly making backup copies of files moving across the organization’s networks
Tape library (Key Term) – device that provides automatic access to data archived on a large collection or library of tapes
Organizational cloud storage – high speed internet connection to a dedicated remote organizational cloud storage server.