1. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Chapter 08: Secondary Storage

2. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-2 McGraw-Hill Competencies (Page 1 of 2) Distinguish between primary and secondary storageDistinguish between primary and secondary storage Discuss the important characteristics of secondary storage, including media, capacity, storage devices, and access speedDiscuss the important characteristics of secondary storage, including media, capacity, storage devices, and access speed Describe hard disk platters, tracks, sectors, and head crashesDescribe hard disk platters, tracks, sectors, and head crashes Compare internal and external hard drivesCompare internal and external hard drives Discuss performance enhancements including disk caching, RAIDs, file compression, and file decompressionDiscuss performance enhancements including disk caching, RAIDs, file compression, and file decompression

3. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-3 McGraw-Hill Competencies (Page 2 of 2) Define optical storage including compact, digital versatile, and high-definition discsDefine optical storage including compact, digital versatile, and high-definition discs Define solid-state storage, including solid-state drives, flash memory, and USB drivesDefine solid-state storage, including solid-state drives, flash memory, and USB drives Define cloud storage and cloud storage servicesDefine cloud storage and cloud storage services Discuss mass storage devices, enterprise storage systems, and storage area networksDiscuss mass storage devices, enterprise storage systems, and storage area networks

4. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-4 McGraw-Hill Introduction Data storage has expanded from text and numeric files to include digital music files, photographic files, video files, and much more.Data storage has expanded from text and numeric files to include digital music files, photographic files, video files, and much more. These new types of files require secondary storage devices with much greater capacity.These new types of files require secondary storage devices with much greater capacity. In this chapter, you learn about the many types of secondary storage devices including their capabilities and limitations.In this chapter, you learn about the many types of secondary storage devices including their capabilities and limitations.

5. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-5 McGraw-Hill Storage Primary storagePrimary storage –Volatile storage –Temporary storage –Random Access Memory (RAM) Secondary storageSecondary storage –Nonvolatile storage –Permanent storage Secondary storage characteristicsSecondary storage characteristics –Media –Capacity –Storage devices –Access speed

6. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-6 McGraw-Hill Secondary Storage Devices Provides permanent or nonvolatile storageProvides permanent or nonvolatile storage Data and programs can be retained after the computer has been shut offData and programs can be retained after the computer has been shut off Most desktop microcomputer systems have both hard and optical disk drivesMost desktop microcomputer systems have both hard and optical disk drives

7. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-7 McGraw-Hill Hard Disks Use rigid, metallic platters for storageUse rigid, metallic platters for storage Files organized using tracks, sectors, and cylindersFiles organized using tracks, sectors, and cylinders Large capacity (terabytes)Large capacity (terabytes) Sensitive instrumentsSensitive instrumentsSensitive instrumentsSensitive instruments Two types of hard disks:Two types of hard disks: –Internal Hard Disk Internal Hard DiskInternal Hard Disk –External Hard Disks External Hard DisksExternal Hard Disks Performance enhancementsPerformance enhancementsPerformance enhancementsPerformance enhancements

8. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-8 McGraw-Hill Materials that Cause a Head Crash A head crash is a disaster for a hard disk, not to mention the data stored on the diskA head crash is a disaster for a hard disk, not to mention the data stored on the disk Return

9. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-9 McGraw-Hill Internal Hard Disk Located inside system unit and often designated as the C: driveLocated inside system unit and often designated as the C: drive Used to store programs and data filesUsed to store programs and data files Advantages over removable mediaAdvantages over removable media –Capacity –Access speed Return

10. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-10 McGraw-Hill External Hard Disks Removable hard disksRemovable hard disks Used to complement internal hard disk with an unlimited amount of additional storageUsed to complement internal hard disk with an unlimited amount of additional storage Capacities extend into the terabytes (TBs)Capacities extend into the terabytes (TBs) Return

11. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-11 McGraw-Hill Performance Enhancements Disk caching to improve hard disk performanceDisk caching to improve hard disk performance Redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) to expand storage and to improve access speedRedundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) to expand storage and to improve access speed File compression and decompression to increase capacityFile compression and decompression to increase capacity Return

12. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-12 McGraw-Hill Optical Disks Hold over 100 gigabytes (GB) of dataHold over 100 gigabytes (GB) of data AttributesAttributes –Lands –Pits Three typesThree types –Compact Disc (CD) Compact Disc (CD)Compact Disc (CD) –Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) –Blu-Ray (Hi-Def) Disc Blu-Ray (Hi-Def) DiscBlu-Ray (Hi-Def) Disc

13. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-13 McGraw-Hill Compact Disc (CDs) Optical formatOptical format Capacity of 650 MB to 1 GBCapacity of 650 MB to 1 GB Rotation speeds varyRotation speeds vary Three basic typesThree basic types –Read only (CD-ROM) –Write once (CD-R) –Rewriteable (CD-RW) Return

14. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-14 McGraw-Hill Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs) Like CDs, but newer format called digital versatile disc or digital video disc (DVD)Like CDs, but newer format called digital versatile disc or digital video disc (DVD) Capacity of 4.7 GB to 17 GBCapacity of 4.7 GB to 17 GB Three basic typesThree basic types –Read only (DVD-ROM) –Write once (DVD+R and DVD-R) –Rewriteable (DVD+RW, DVD-RW, and DVD-RAM) Return

15. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-15 McGraw-Hill Blu-ray Disc (BDs) Next generation optical disc for recording high-definition (hi def) videoNext generation optical disc for recording high-definition (hi def) video Capacity of 25 GB to 100 GBCapacity of 25 GB to 100 GB Blu-ray optical drives are usually capable of reading standard DVDs and CDs in addition to Blu-ray discsBlu-ray optical drives are usually capable of reading standard DVDs and CDs in addition to Blu-ray discs Return

16. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-16 McGraw-Hill Solid-State Storage Solid–state drives (SSDs)Solid–state drives (SSDs) –Faster and more durable Flash memory cardsFlash memory cards –Widely used in computers, cameras, and portable devices such as mobile phones USB Drives (or Flash Drives)USB Drives (or Flash Drives) –Compact and easily transported –Capacity of 1 GB to 256 GB

17. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-17 McGraw-Hill Making IT Work for You Flash Camcorders, YouTube, and MySpace Flash-based camcorders have made creating digital video simpler and more affordableFlash-based camcorders have made creating digital video simpler and more affordable Easily upload your creations to photo- and video-sharing Web sites on the InternetEasily upload your creations to photo- and video-sharing Web sites on the Internet

18. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-18 McGraw-Hill Cloud Storage Cloud computing is where the Internet acts as a “cloud” of serversCloud computing is where the Internet acts as a “cloud” of servers –Applications provided as a service rather than a product (for example, cloud or online storage) Cloud storage services make it easy to upload and share files with anyoneCloud storage services make it easy to upload and share files with anyone

19. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-19 McGraw-Hill Mass Storage Devices Organizations require tremendous amounts of secondary storage called mass storageOrganizations require tremendous amounts of secondary storage called mass storage Enterprise storage systems ensure data security using specialized strategies and devices, such asEnterprise storage systems ensure data security using specialized strategies and devices, such as –File servers –Networked attached storage (NAS) –RAID systems –Tape libraries –Organizational cloud storage –Storage Area Network (SAN)

20. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-20 McGraw-Hill Enterprise Storage Systems

21. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-21 McGraw-Hill Careers In IT Software engineers analyze users’ needs and create application softwareSoftware engineers analyze users’ needs and create application software General employer requirementsGeneral employer requirements –Bachelors degree in computer science –Extensive knowledge of computers and technology –Communication and analytical skills Annual salary of $63,000 to $98,500Annual salary of $63,000 to $98,500

22. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-22 McGraw-Hill A Look to the Future Your Entire Life Recorded on a Single Disk Future secondary storage disks will eventually store terabytes (TB) or petabytes (PB)Future secondary storage disks will eventually store terabytes (TB) or petabytes (PB) –Your entire life captured in digital video on a single disc –Currently developing programs that can scan photos and videos for a particular person’s face

23. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-23 McGraw-Hill Open-Ended Questions(Page 1 of 2) What are the two types of hard disks? Describe three ways to improve hard disk performance.What are the two types of hard disks? Describe three ways to improve hard disk performance. Compare solid-state and hard disk storage.Compare solid-state and hard disk storage. List and compare the three most common optical disc formats?List and compare the three most common optical disc formats?

24. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 8-24 McGraw-Hill Open-Ended Questions (Page 2 of 2) Describe cloud computing and cloud storage.Describe cloud computing and cloud storage. Discuss mass storage systems including enterprise storage systems and storage area networks.Discuss mass storage systems including enterprise storage systems and storage area networks.