Chapter 16, section 4 Life During the Civil War

The Lives of Soldiers  A soldier’s day was dull, a routine of drills, bad food, marches and rain.  Sometimes, they forgot they were enemies and ended up spending the battles hanging out with each other instead of fighting

The Reality of War  Medical facilities were overcrowded and many of the soldiers laid in the rain waiting for medical attention for 24 hours after the Battle of Shiloh  Rebel soldiers often suffered from lack of food and supplies.

Women and the War  They were teachers, office workers, salesclerks, government workers and they managed farms.  They rolled bandages, wove blankets and made ammunition.  They collected food, clothing and medicine to distribute to troops.  They also raised money for supplies.

Clara Barton  She helped the wounded at the Battle of Antietam  She later founded the American Red Cross in 1881 and served as its first president for more than twenty years

Life at Home  In the South, the people left at home suffered shortages in food and supplies because of the blockade and troops destroying everything

Spies  Harriet Tubman spied for the North  Rose O’Neal Greenhow spied for the South. She was caught, convicted of treason, and exiled.  Belle Boyd informed the Rebels of Union soldiers’ movement  Loretta Janeta Valazquez fought for the South and later became a Confederate spy

Treating the Sick and Wounded  For the first time, thousands of women served as nurses.  Dorothea Dix organized several military nurses  Sally Tompkins established a hospital for soldiers in Richmond, VA

Opposition to the War  The Northern Democrats split into two groups. Lincoln’s supporters Peace Democrats- who favored negotiating with the Confederacy Republican newspapers called the Peace Democrats “Copperheads” Several times, Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus, which give individuals the right to a hearing before being jailed

Enlistments Decline  In April 1862, the Confederate Congress passed a draft law that required men to serve in the army for three years  You could avoid the draft by hiring a sub  The Union offered bounties for service  In March, 1863, the Union issued a draft  The worst draft riot was in NYC]

War and the Economy  Both the Union and the Confederacy funded the war by borrowing money, raising taxes and printing paper money.  Northern money was called greenbacks because of its color.

The North Prospers  Inflation began in the North  The North also prospered because the Union army needed supplies that northern factories were paid to produce.

Economic Troubles in the South  Most of the fighting happened in the South, so their land and railroads were destroyed  The blockade also led to severe shortages of goods  During the course of the war, prices rose 9,000 percent, much more than the 80 percent rise that took place in the North.