EMPEROR OF THE DAY: HADRIAN Reign: 117 - 138AD Achievements: - 3rd of “five good emperors” - most well travelled emperor - secured the boundaries of the.

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EMPEROR OF THE DAY: HADRIAN Reign: AD Achievements: - 3rd of “five good emperors” - most well travelled emperor - secured the boundaries of the Roman Empire (eg. Hadrian’s Wall in Britain)

HADRIAN’S VILLA Date: AD How do we know this? Brick stamps found on site give two phases of construction and AD Area: 1.5 sq km Materials: Mainly brick-faced concrete, covered with stucco Location: Countryside near Tivoli. Built for: The Emperor Hadrian’s personal use

The Academy Piazza D’Oro Maritime Theatre Poikile The Canopus and Serapeum Vale of Tempe

The Canopus Serapeum: semicircular dining area named after a temple in Alexandria where the god Serapis (invented by Ptolemy) was worshipped. with a half ‘pumpkin’ dome and a nymphaeum (water feature) with niches holding statues or fountains. Canopus: Pool named after an Egyptian town in the Nile Delta - the long pool may have been inspired by the Nile River. Caryatids – statues of women – copies from the Acropolis in Athens

"Go away and draw your pumpkins. You know nothing about these [architectural] matters." –Apollodorus to Hadrian

Piazza D’Oro Pumpkin- domed entrance way Colonnaded Courtyard Large Octagonal Hall with domed roof and small oculus Nymphaeum

Poikile

Named after Stoa Poikile (Painted Porch), where the Stoic school of philosophy started in Athens. Poikile Large central pool was surrounded by exercise area and portico Short ends of colonnade are curved (Hadrianic feature) S-W end is held up by a series of barrel vaults

Maritime Theatre “A villa within a villa” – Hadrian’s private retreat

Maritime Theatre Colonnaded Walkway Central Courtyard Bedrooms Drawbridges Dining Room Baths Entrance way “A villa within a villa” – Hadrian’s private retreat

Hadrianic Features ‘Pumpkin’ Dome Curved walls Nympheum Long Pool

Hadrianic Features Half ‘Pumpkin’ Dome Nympheum Niches Long Pool

Hadrianic Features Curved walls Water Feature

Hadrian’s Influences Hadrianic/RomanGreekEgyptian Eg. The Academy - named after place in Athens

Egyptian Features The names of parts of the Villa eg. Canopus and Serapeum – taken from places he had visited. Use of materials eg. Egyptian granite in the courtyard of Piazza d’Oro The statues eg. The crocodile next to the Canopus.

Greek Features The names of parts of the Villa eg. Poikile – Taken from places he has visited. The use of the Greek columns eg. Ionic columns in the Maritime Theatre. Copies of Greek statues eg. Caryatids – adapted from those seen on the Erechtheion on the Acropolis in Athens. Influence from Greek painting on the Mosaics decorating the Villa eg. The Lion Mosaic and The Goat Mosaic.

Roman / Hadrianic Features The use of arch and vault. The types of buildings eg. baths. Dome with oculus Emphasis on curves. Water features